A lithium–oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide

Lu, Jun; Jung Lee, Yun; Luo, Xiangyi; Chun Lau, Kah; Asadi, Mohammad; Wang, Hsien-Hau; Brombosz, Scott; Wen, Jianguo; Zhai, Dengyun; Chen, Zonghai; Miller, Dean J.; Sub Jeong, Yo; Park, Jin-Bum; Zak Fang, Zhigang; Kumar, Bijandra; Salehi-Khojin, Amin; Sun, Yang-Kook; Curtiss, Larry A.; Amine, Khalil

doi:10.1038/nature16484

Title: A lithium–oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide

Journal Article · Mon Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16484· OSTI ID:1352638

Lu, Jun ^[1]; Jung Lee, Yun ^[2]; Luo, Xiangyi ^[3]; Chun Lau, Kah ^[4]; Asadi, Mohammad ^[5]; Wang, Hsien-Hau ^[4]; Brombosz, Scott ^[4]; Wen, Jianguo ^[6]; Zhai, Dengyun ^[1]; Chen, Zonghai ^[1]; Miller, Dean J. ^[6]; Sub Jeong, Yo ^[2]; Park, Jin-Bum ^[2]; Zak Fang, Zhigang ^[7]; Kumar, Bijandra ^[8]; Salehi-Khojin, Amin ^[5]; Sun, Yang-Kook ^[2]; Curtiss, Larry A. ^[4]; Amine, Khalil ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
Hanyang Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Energy Engineering
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division; Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering
Univ. of Louisville, KY (United States). Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research

Batteries based on sodium superoxide and on potassium superoxide have recently been reported(1-3). But, there have been no reports of a battery based on lithium superoxide (LiO₂), despite much research(4-8) into the lithium-oxygen (Li-O₂) battery because of its potential high energy density. Several studies(9-16) of Li-O₂ batteries have found evidence of LiO₂ being formed as one component of the discharge product along with lithium peroxide (Li₂O₂). In addition, theoretical calculations have indicated that some forms of LiO₂ may have a long lifetime(17). Our studies also suggest that it might be possible to form LiO₂ alone for use in a battery. However, solid LiO₂ has been difficult to synthesize in pure form(18) because it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation, giving Li₂O₂ (refs 19, 20). We show that crystalline LiO₂ can be stabilized in a Li-O₂ battery by using a suitable graphene-based cathode. Various characterization techniques reveal no evidence for the presence of Li₂O₂. A novel templating growth mechanism involving the use of iridium nanoparticles on the cathode surface may be responsible for the growth of crystalline LiO₂. Our results demonstrate that the LiO₂ formed in the Li-O₂ battery is stable enough for the battery to be repeatedly charged and discharged with a very low charge potential (about 3.2 volts). We also anticipate that this discovery will lead to methods of synthesizing and stabilizing LiO₂, which could open the way to high-energy-density batteries based on LiO₂ as well as to other possible uses of this compound, such as oxygen storage.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Electrical Energy Storage (CEES)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1352638

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 529, Issue 7586; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 562 works

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