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Title: Phenolic amides are potent inhibitors of De Novo nucleotide biosynthesis

Journal Article · · Applied and Environmental Microbiology
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01324-15· OSTI ID:1345181

An outstanding challenge toward efficient production of biofuels and value-added chemicals from plant biomass is the impact that lignocellulose-derived inhibitors have on microbial fermentations. Elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their toxicity is critical for developing strategies to overcome them. Here, using Escherichia coli as a model system, we investigated the metabolic effects and toxicity mechanisms of feruloyl amide and coumaroyl amide, the predominant phenolic compounds in ammonia-pretreated biomass hydrolysates. Using metabolomics, isotope tracers, and biochemical assays, we showed that these two phenolic amides act as potent and fast-acting inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Feruloyl or coumaroyl amide exposure leads to (i) a rapid buildup of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), a key precursor in nucleotide biosynthesis, (ii) a rapid decrease in the levels of pyrimidine biosynthetic intermediates, and (iii) a long-term generalized decrease in nucleotide and deoxynucleotide levels. Tracer experiments using 13C-labeled sugars and [15N]ammonia demonstrated that carbon and nitrogen fluxes into nucleotides and deoxynucleotides are inhibited by these phenolic amides. We found that these effects are mediated via direct inhibition of glutamine amidotransferases that participate in nucleotide biosynthetic pathways. In particular, feruloyl amide is a competitive inhibitor of glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (PurF), which catalyzes the first committed step in de novo purine biosynthesis. Finally, external nucleoside supplementation prevents phenolic amide-mediated growth inhibition by allowing nucleotide biosynthesis via salvage pathways. Furthermore, the results presented here will help in the development of strategies to overcome toxicity of phenolic compounds and facilitate engineering of more efficient microbial producers of biofuels and chemicals.

Research Organization:
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
FC02-07ER64494
OSTI ID:
1345181
Journal Information:
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 81, Issue 17; ISSN 0099-2240
Publisher:
American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 24 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Near-equilibrium glycolysis supports metabolic homeostasis and energy yield journal September 2019
Anaerobic degradation of syringic acid by an adapted strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris journal August 2019
Diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks can achieve high field-scale ethanol yields while providing flexibility for the biorefinery and landscape-level environmental benefits journal July 2018
Hybridization and adaptive evolution of diverse Saccharomyces species for cellulosic biofuel production journal March 2017
Anaerobic Degradation of Syringic Acid by an Adapted Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris journal November 2019
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce a reduced viscosity oil from lignocellulose journal March 2017
Horizontal transfer of a pathway for coumarate catabolism unexpectedly inhibits purine nucleotide biosynthesis journal October 2019
PKA and HOG signaling contribute separable roles to anaerobic xylose fermentation in yeast engineered for biofuel production posted_content February 2019
The Anticancer Activities Phenolic Amides from the Stem of Lycium barbarum journal June 2017
A cell-free system for production of 2,3-butanediol is robust to growth-toxic compounds journal June 2020
Different Functions of Phylogenetically Distinct Bacterial Complex I Isozymes journal February 2016
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Figures / Tables (7)