Conversion of Nuclear Waste to Molten Glass: Cold-Cap Reactions in Crucible Tests

Xu, Kai; Hrma, Pavel; Rice, Jarrett A.; Schweiger, Michael J.; Riley, Brian J.; Overman, Nicole R.; Kruger, Albert A.

doi:10.1111/jace.14310

Title: Conversion of Nuclear Waste to Molten Glass: Cold-Cap Reactions in Crucible Tests

Journal Article · Mon May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of the American Ceramic Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14310· OSTI ID:1341439

^[1]; Hrma, Pavel ^[1]; Rice, Jarrett A. ^[1]; Schweiger, Michael J. ^[1]; Riley, Brian J. ^[1]; Overman, Nicole R. ^[1]; Kruger, Albert A. ^[2]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Richland, WA (United States)

The feed-to-glass conversion, which comprises complex chemical reactions and phase transitions, occurs in the cold cap during nuclear waste vitrification. Here, to investigate the conversion process, we analyzed heat-treated samples of a simulated high-level waste feed using X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, leaching tests, and residual anion analysis. Feed dehydration, gas evolution, and borate phase formation occurred at temperatures below 700°C before the emerging glass-forming melt was completely connected. Above 700°C, intermediate aluminosilicate phases and quartz particles gradually dissolved in the continuous borosilicate melt, which expanded with transient foam. Finally, knowledge of the chemistry and physics of feed-to-glass conversion will help us control the conversion path by changing the melter feed makeup to maximize the glass production rate.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1341439

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-115889

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 99, Issue 9; ISSN 0002-7820

Publisher:: American Ceramic SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 29 works

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References (21)

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Foaming during nuclear waste melter feeds conversion to glass: Application of evolved gas analysis Hujova, Miroslava; Pokorny, Richard; Klouzek, Jaroslav International Journal of Applied Glass Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12353	journal	April 2018
Rheology of simulated radioactive waste slurry and cold cap during vitrification McCarthy, Benjamin P.; George, Jaime L.; Dixon, Derek R. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 101, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15755	journal	June 2018
Effect of sucrose on foaming and melting behavior of a low‐activity waste melter feed Appel, Connor J.; Kloužek, Jaroslav; Jani, Nikhil Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 102, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16675	journal	June 2019
Viscosity of glass‐forming melt at the bottom of high‐level waste melter‐feed cold caps: Effects of temperature and incorporation of solid components Lee, Seung Min; McCarthy, Benjamin P.; Hrma, Pavel Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 103, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16876	journal	October 2019
Structural Characterization of Ternary Salt Melts for Low Activity Waste Applications Nienhuis, Emily; Saleh, Muad; McCloy, John MRS Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 17-18 https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.136	journal	January 2019

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