A Survey of Techniques for Approximate Computing

Mittal, Sparsh

doi:10.1145/2893356

Title: A Survey of Techniques for Approximate Computing

Journal Article · Fri Mar 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · ACM Computing Surveys

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2893356· OSTI ID:1286958

Mittal, Sparsh ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Approximate computing trades off computation quality with the effort expended and as rising performance demands confront with plateauing resource budgets, approximate computing has become, not merely attractive, but even imperative. Here, we present a survey of techniques for approximate computing (AC). We discuss strategies for finding approximable program portions and monitoring output quality, techniques for using AC in different processing units (e.g., CPU, GPU and FPGA), processor components, memory technologies etc., and programming frameworks for AC. Moreover, we classify these techniques based on several key characteristics to emphasize their similarities and differences. Finally, the aim of this paper is to provide insights to researchers into working of AC techniques and inspire more efforts in this area to make AC the mainstream computing approach in future systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1286958

Journal Information:: ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 48, Issue 4; ISSN 0360-0300

Publisher:: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 576 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (94)

Uncertain: a first-order type for uncertain data Bornholt, James; Mytkowicz, Todd; McKinley, Kathryn S. Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems - ASPLOS '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2541940.2541958	conference	January 2014
Leveraging the error resilience of machine-learning applications for designing highly energy efficient accelerators Du, Zidong; Lingamneni, Avinash; Chen, Yunji 2014 19th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2014.6742890	conference	January 2014
BRAINIAC: Bringing reliable accuracy into neurally-implemented approximate computing Grigorian, Beayna; Farahpour, Nazanin; Reinman, Glenn 2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA) https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCA.2015.7056067	conference	February 2015
A Survey Of Architectural Approaches for Managing Embedded DRAM and Non-Volatile On-Chip Caches Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Li, Dong IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2324563	journal	June 2015
Managing performance vs. accuracy trade-offs with loop perforation Sidiroglou-Douskos, Stelios; Misailovic, Sasa; Hoffmann, Henry Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT symposium and the 13th European conference on Foundations of software engineering - SIGSOFT/FSE '11 https://doi.org/10.1145/2025113.2025133	conference	January 2011
SNNAP: Approximate computing on programmable SoCs via neural acceleration Moreau, Thierry; Wyse, Mark; Nelson, Jacob 2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA) https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCA.2015.7056066	conference	February 2015
Error-Resilient Motion Estimation Architecture Varatkar, G. V.; Shanbhag, N. R. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2008.2000675	journal	October 2008
Approximate storage for energy efficient spintronic memories Ranjan, Ashish; Venkataramani, Swagath; Fong, Xuanyao Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744799	conference	January 2015
EnerJ: approximate data types for safe and general low-power computation Sampson, Adrian; Dietl, Werner; Fortuna, Emily ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1145/1993316.1993518	journal	June 2011
Mitigating the impact of faults in unreliable memories for error-resilient applications Ganapathy, Shrikanth; Karakonstantis, Georgios; Teman, Adam Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744871	conference	January 2015
Accelerating Divergent Applications on SIMD Architectures Using Neural Networks Grigorian, Beayna; Reinman, Glenn ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2717311	journal	April 2015
Trading Accuracy for Power with an Underdesigned Multiplier Architecture Kulkarni, P.; Gupta, P.; Ercegovac, M. 2011 24th International Conference on VLSI Design: concurrently with the 10th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design, 2011 24th Internatioal Conference on VLSI Design https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSID.2011.51	conference	January 2011
Architecture support for disciplined approximate programming Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2248487.2151008	journal	June 2012
Axilog: Language Support for Approximate Hardware Design Yazdanbakhsh, Amir; Mahajan, Divya; Thwaites, Bradley Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015 https://doi.org/10.7873/DATE.2015.0513	conference	January 2015
AxNN: energy-efficient neuromorphic systems using approximate computing Venkataramani, Swagath; Ranjan, Ashish; Roy, Kaushik Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design - ISLPED '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627613	conference	January 2014
A variability-aware OpenMP environment for efficient execution of accuracy-configurable computation on shared-FPU processor clusters Rahimi, Abbas; Marongiu, Andrea; Gupta, Rajesh K. 2013 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS) https://doi.org/10.1109/CODES-ISSS.2013.6659022	conference	September 2013
Load Value Approximation Miguel, Joshua San; Badr, Mario; Jerger, Natalie Enright 2014 47th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO) https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO.2014.22	conference	December 2014
Approximate computing and the quest for computing efficiency Venkataramani, Swagath; Chakradhar, Srimat T.; Roy, Kaushik Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2751163	conference	January 2015
Extracting Useful Computation from Error-Prone Processors for Streaming Applications Yetim, Yavuz; Martonosi, Margaret; Malik, Sharad Design Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2013 https://doi.org/10.7873/date.2013.055	conference	January 2013
Language and compiler support for auto-tuning variable-accuracy algorithms Ansel, Jason; Wong, Yee Lok; Chan, Cy 2011 9th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO 2011) https://doi.org/10.1109/CGO.2011.5764677	conference	April 2011
Precision-energy-throughput scaling of generic matrix multiplication and discrete convolution kernels via linear projections Anam, Mohammad Ashraful; Whatmough, Paul N.; Andreopoulos, Yiannis 2013 IEEE 11th Symposium on Embedded Systems for Real-time Multimedia (ESTIMedia), The 11th IEEE Symposium on Embedded Systems for Real-time Multimedia https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTIMedia.2013.6704499	conference	October 2013
Best-effort semantic document search on GPUs Byna, Surendra; Meng, Jiayuan; Raghunathan, Anand Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on General-Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Units - GPGPU '10 https://doi.org/10.1145/1735688.1735705	conference	January 2010
Monitoring and Debugging the Quality of Results in Approximate Programs Ringenburg, Michael; Sampson, Adrian; Ackerman, Isaac Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems - ASPLOS '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694365	conference	January 2015
Dynamically adaptive and reliable approximate computing using light-weight error analysis Grigorian, Beayna; Reinman, Glenn 2014 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS) https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2014.6880184	conference	July 2014
IMPACT: IMPrecise adders for low-power approximate computing Gupta, Vaibhav; Mohapatra, Debabrata; Park, Sang Phill 2011 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design https://doi.org/10.1109/ISLPED.2011.5993675	conference	August 2011
Neural acceleration for general-purpose approximate programs Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis Communications of the ACM, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2589750	journal	January 2015
A survey of architectural techniques for DRAM power management Mittal, Sparsh International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHPSA.2012.050990	journal	January 2012
ASAC: automatic sensitivity analysis for approximate computing Roy, Pooja; Ray, Rajarshi; Wang, Chundong Proceedings of the 2014 SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems - LCTES '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2597809.2597812	conference	January 2014
Fuzzy Memoization for Floating-Point Multimedia Applications Alvarez, C.; Corbal, J.; Valero, M. IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 54, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2005.119	journal	July 2005
The Art of Deception: Adaptive Precision Reduction for Area Efficient Physics Acceleration Yeh, Thomas; Faloutsos, Petros; Ercegovac, Milos 40th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO 2007) https://doi.org/10.1109/micro.2007.4408271	conference	December 2007
Paraprox: pattern-based approximation for data parallel applications Samadi, Mehrzad; Jamshidi, Davoud Anoushe; Lee, Janghaeng Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems - ASPLOS '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2541940.2541948	conference	January 2014
Quality Configurable Reduce-and-Rank for Energy Efficient Approximate Computing Raha, Arnab; Venkataramani, Swagath; Raghunathan, Vijay Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015 https://doi.org/10.7873/DATE.2015.0569	conference	January 2015
SALSA: systematic logic synthesis of approximate circuits Venkataramani, Swagath; Sabne, Amit; Kozhikkottu, Vivek Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '12 https://doi.org/10.1145/2228360.2228504	conference	January 2012
Low power GPGPU computation with imprecise hardware Zhang, Hang; Putic, Mateja; Lach, John 2014 51st ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) https://doi.org/10.1109/dac.2014.6881426	conference	June 2014
Accuracy-configurable adder for approximate arithmetic designs Kahng, Andrew B.; Kang, Seokhyeong Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '12 https://doi.org/10.1145/2228360.2228509	conference	January 2012
Scalable Effort Hardware Design Chippa, Vinay Kumar; Mohapatra, Debabrata; Roy, Kaushik IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 22, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2013.2276759	journal	September 2014
Scalable-effort classifiers for energy-efficient machine learning Venkataramani, Swagath; Raghunathan, Anand; Liu, Jie Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744904	conference	January 2015
RRAM-Based Analog Approximate Computing Li, Boxun; Gu, Peng; Shan, Yi IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2015.2445741	journal	December 2015
Opportunities for Nonvolatile Memory Systems in Extreme-Scale High-Performance Computing Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Mittal, Sparsh Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2015.4	journal	March 2015
A programming model and runtime system for significance-aware energy-efficient computing Vassiliadis, Vassilis; Parasyris, Konstantinos; Chalios, Charalambos PPoPP '15: 20th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688546	conference	January 2015
SAGE: self-tuning approximation for graphics engines Samadi, Mehrzad; Lee, Janghaeng; Jamshidi, D. Anoushe Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture - MICRO-46 https://doi.org/10.1145/2540708.2540711	conference	January 2013
Approximate storage in solid-state memories Sampson, Adrian; Nelson, Jacob; Strauss, Karin Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture - MICRO-46 https://doi.org/10.1145/2540708.2540712	conference	January 2013
Quality programmable vector processors for approximate computing Venkataramani, Swagath; Chippa, Vinay K.; Chakradhar, Srimat T. Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture - MICRO-46 https://doi.org/10.1145/2540708.2540710	conference	January 2013
Uncertain< T >: a first-order type for uncertain data Bornholt, James; Mytkowicz, Todd; McKinley, Kathryn S. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541958	journal	April 2014
Energy-aware hybrid precision selection framework for mobile GPUs Hsiao, Chih-Chieh; Chu, Slo-Li; Chen, Chen-Yu Computers & Graphics, Vol. 37, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2013.03.003	journal	August 2013
ApproxHadoop: Bringing Approximations to MapReduce Frameworks Goiri, Inigo; Bianchini, Ricardo; Nagarakatte, Santosh ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2786763.2694351	journal	May 2015
Low Power GPGPU Computation with Imprecise Hardware Zhang, Hang University of Virginia https://doi.org/10.18130/V3QM2S	dissertation	December 2014
General-purpose code acceleration with limited-precision analog computation Amant, Renee St.; Yazdanbakhsh, Amir; Park, Jongse 2014 ACM/IEEE 41st International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA) https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCA.2014.6853213	conference	June 2014
Approximate Associative Memristive Memory for Energy-Efficient GPUs Rahimi, Abbas; Ghofrani, Amirali; Cheng, Kwang-Ting Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015 https://doi.org/10.7873/DATE.2015.0579	conference	January 2015
Branch and Data Herding: Reducing Control and Memory Divergence for Error-Tolerant GPU Applications Sartori, John; Kumar, Rakesh IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2012.2232647	journal	February 2013
EMEURO: A framework for generating multi-purpose accelerators via deep learning McAfee, Lawrence; Olukotun, Kunle 2015 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO) https://doi.org/10.1109/CGO.2015.7054193	conference	February 2015
A Survey of Architectural Techniques for Near-Threshold Computing Mittal, Sparsh ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2821510	journal	July 2016
Low Power GPGPU Computation with Imprecise Hardware Zhang, Hang; Putic, Mateja; Lach, John Proceedings of the The 51st Annual Design Automation Conference on Design Automation Conference - DAC '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2593069.2593156	conference	January 2014
Chisel: reliability- and accuracy-aware optimization of approximate computational kernels Misailovic, Sasa; Carbin, Michael; Achour, Sara ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 49, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1145/2714064.2660231	journal	December 2014
ApproxANN: An Approximate Computing Framework for Artificial Neural Network Zhang, Qian; Wang, Ting; Tian, Ye Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015 https://doi.org/10.7873/DATE.2015.0618	conference	January 2015
Best-effort computing: re-thinking parallel software and hardware Chakradhar, Srimat T.; Raghunathan, Anand Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference on - DAC '10 https://doi.org/10.1145/1837274.1837492	conference	January 2010
ApproxMA: Approximate Memory Access for Dynamic Precision Scaling Tian, Ye; Zhang, Qian; Wang, Ting Proceedings of the 25th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI - GLSVLSI '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2742060.2743759	conference	January 2015
General-purpose code acceleration with limited-precision analog computation St. Amant, Renée; Yazdanbakhsh, Amir; Park, Jongse ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/2678373.2665746	journal	October 2014
Analysis and characterization of inherent application resilience for approximate computing Chippa, Vinay K.; Chakradhar, Srimat T.; Roy, Kaushik Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference on - DAC '13 https://doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488873	conference	January 2013
SoftPCM: Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Lifetime of Phase Change Memory in Video Applications via Approximate Write Fang, Yuntan; Li, Huawei; Li, Xiaowei 2012 21st Asian Test Symposium (ATS), 2012 IEEE 21st Asian Test Symposium https://doi.org/10.1109/ATS.2012.57	conference	November 2012
Architecture support for disciplined approximate programming Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2189750.2151008	journal	April 2012
Monitoring and Debugging the Quality of Results in Approximate Programs Ringenburg, Michael; Sampson, Adrian; Ackerman, Isaac ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2786763.2694365	journal	May 2015
Neural Acceleration for General-Purpose Approximate Programs Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO) https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO.2012.48	conference	December 2012
Paraprox: pattern-based approximation for data parallel applications Samadi, Mehrzad; Jamshidi, Davoud Anoushe; Lee, Janghaeng ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541948	journal	April 2014
Verifying quantitative reliability for programs that execute on unreliable hardware Carbin, Michael; Misailovic, Sasa; Rinard, Martin C. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509546	journal	November 2013
A programming model and runtime system for significance-aware energy-efficient computing Vassiliadis, Vassilis; Parasyris, Konstantinos; Chalios, Charalambos ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1145/2858788.2688546	journal	December 2015
Energy-efficient signal processing via algorithmic noise-tolerance Hegde, Rajamohana; Shanbhag, Naresh R. Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design - ISLPED '99 https://doi.org/10.1145/313817.313834	conference	January 1999
Rumba: an online quality management system for approximate computing Khudia, Daya S.; Zamirai, Babak; Samadi, Mehrzad ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 43, Issue 3S https://doi.org/10.1145/2872887.2750371	journal	January 2016
Spatial Memoization: Concurrent Instruction Reuse to Correct Timing Errors in SIMD Architectures Rahimi, Abbas; Benini, Luca; Gupta, Rajesh K. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 60, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2013.2281934	journal	December 2013
Green: a framework for supporting energy-conscious programming using controlled approximation Baek, Woongki; Chilimbi, Trishul M. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 45, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1145/1809028.1806620	journal	June 2010
A survey of architectural techniques for improving cache power efficiency Mittal, Sparsh Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2013.11.001	journal	March 2014
The Art of Deception: Adaptive Precision Reduction for Area Efficient Physics Acceleration Yeh, Thomas; Faloutsos, Petros; Ercegovac, Milos 40th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO 2007) https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO.2007.9	conference	December 2007
Neural network-based accelerators for transcendental function approximation Eldridge, Schuyler; Raudies, Florian; Zou, David Proceedings of the 24th edition of the great lakes symposium on VLSI - GLSVLSI '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2591513.2591534	conference	January 2014
Exploiting Partially-Forgetful Memories for Approximate Computing Shoushtari, Majid; BanaiyanMofrad, Abbas; Dutt, Nikil IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/LES.2015.2393860	journal	March 2015
eDRAM-based tiered-reliability memory with applications to low-power frame buffers Cho, Kyungsang; Lee, Yongjun; Oh, Young H. Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design - ISLPED '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627626	conference	January 2014
Exploring Data-Level Error Tolerance in High-Performance Solid-State Drives Xu, Xin; Huang, H. Howie IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2014.2354931	journal	March 2015
Rumba: an online quality management system for approximate computing Khudia, Daya S.; Zamirai, Babak; Samadi, Mehrzad Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture - ISCA '15 https://doi.org/10.1145/2749469.2750371	conference	January 2015
Opportunities for Energy Efficient Computing: A Study of Inexact General Purpose Processors for High-Performance and Big-Data Applications Düben, Peter; Schlachter, Jeremy; ., Parishkrati Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2015 https://doi.org/10.7873/DATE.2015.1116	conference	January 2015
Flikker: saving DRAM refresh-power through critical data partitioning Liu, Song; Pattabiraman, Karthik; Moscibroda, Thomas ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2248487.1950391	journal	June 2012
More Flops or More Precision? Accuracy Parameterizable Linear Equation Solvers for Model Predictive Control Roldao-Lopes, Antonio; Shahzad, Amir; Constantinides, George A. 2009 17th IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines https://doi.org/10.1109/FCCM.2009.19	conference	April 2009
A Survey of Techniques for Modeling and Improving Reliability of Computing Systems Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2015.2426179	journal	April 2016
ASAC: automatic sensitivity analysis for approximate computing Roy, Pooja; Ray, Rajarshi; Wang, Chundong ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1145/2666357.2597812	journal	May 2014
EnerJ: approximate data types for safe and general low-power computation Sampson, Adrian; Dietl, Werner; Fortuna, Emily Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation - PLDI '11 https://doi.org/10.1145/1993498.1993518	conference	January 2011
Composable Lightweight Processors Kim, Changkyu; Sethumadhavan, Simha; Govindan, M. S. 40th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO 2007) https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO.2007.41	conference	December 2007
Energy-efficient signal processing via algorithmic noise-tolerance Hegde, R.; Shanbhag, N. R. Proceedings. 1999 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (Cat. No.99TH8477) https://doi.org/10.1109/lpe.1999.799405	conference	January 1999
Neural Acceleration for General-Purpose Approximate Programs Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis IEEE Micro, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2013.28	journal	May 2013
Architecture support for disciplined approximate programming Esmaeilzadeh, Hadi; Sampson, Adrian; Ceze, Luis Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems - ASPLOS '12 https://doi.org/10.1145/2150976.2151008	conference	January 2012
Monitoring and Debugging the Quality of Results in Approximate Programs Ringenburg, Michael; Sampson, Adrian; Ackerman, Isaac ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694365	journal	May 2015
Flikker: saving DRAM refresh-power through critical data partitioning Liu, Song; Pattabiraman, Karthik; Moscibroda, Thomas ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/1961295.1950391	journal	March 2011
Branch and data herding: reducing control and memory divergence for error-tolerant GPU applications Sartori, John; Kumar, Rakesh Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques - PACT '12 https://doi.org/10.1145/2370816.2370879	conference	January 2012
Approximate Storage in Solid-State Memories Sampson, Adrian; Nelson, Jacob; Strauss, Karin ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/2644808	journal	September 2014
Chisel: reliability- and accuracy-aware optimization of approximate computational kernels Misailovic, Sasa; Carbin, Michael; Achour, Sara Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages & Applications - OOPSLA '14 https://doi.org/10.1145/2660193.2660231	conference	January 2014
ApproxHadoop: Bringing Approximations to MapReduce Frameworks Goiri, Inigo; Bianchini, Ricardo; Nagarakatte, Santosh ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694351	journal	May 2015
Verifying quantitative reliability for programs that execute on unreliable hardware Carbin, Michael; Misailovic, Sasa; Rinard, Martin C. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 59, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1145/2958738	journal	July 2016

Cited By (23)

Forecasting accident frequency of an urban road network: A comparison of four artificial neural network techniques Behbahani, Hamid; Amiri, Amir Mohamadian; Imaninasab, Reza Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 37, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/for.2542	journal	August 2018
The Effectiveness of Low-Precision Floating Arithmetic on Numerical Codes: A Case Study on Power Consumption Sakamoto, Ryuichi; Kondo, Masaaki; Fujita, Kohei HPCAsia2020: International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region, Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region https://doi.org/10.1145/3368474.3368492	conference	January 2020
Brian 2: an intuitive and efficient neural simulator Stimberg, Marcel; Brette, Romain; Goodman, Dan F. M. eLife https://doi.org/10.1101/595710	journal	April 2019
An Ultra-Area-Efficient 1024-Point In-Memory FFT Processor Yantır, Hasan Erdem; Guo, Wenzhe; Eltawil, Ahmed M. Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10080509	journal	July 2019
A survey of techniques for improving efficiency of mobile web browsing Mittal, Sparsh; Mattela, Venkat Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Vol. 31, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5126	journal	July 2018
Using Approximate Computing and Selective Hardening for the Reduction of Overheads in the Design of Radiation-Induced Fault-Tolerant Systems Aponte-Moreno, Alexander; Restrepo-Calle, Felipe; Pedraza, Cesar Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121539	journal	December 2019
A survey of techniques for architecting SLC/MLC/TLC hybrid Flash memory-based SSDs: A survey of techniques for architecting hybrid flash memory based SSDs Alsalibi, Ahmed Izzat; Mittal, Sparsh; Al-Betar, Mohammed Azmi Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Vol. 30, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4420	journal	January 2018
Error metrics determination in functionally approximated circuits using SAT solvers Abed, Sa’ed; Behiry, Ali A. M. R.; Ahmad, Imtiaz PLOS ONE, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227745	journal	January 2020
A Survey of ReRAM-Based Architectures for Processing-In-Memory and Neural Networks Mittal, Sparsh Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/make1010005	journal	April 2018
A Variation-Aware Design Methodology for Distributed Arithmetic Lu, Yue; Duan, Shengyu; Halak, Basel Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010108	journal	January 2019
A Survey of Soft-Error Mitigation Techniques for Non-Volatile Memories Mittal, Sparsh Computers, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/computers6010008	journal	February 2017
Low power and area efficient error tolerant adder for image processing application Priyadharshni, M.; Kumaravel, Sundaram International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.2744	journal	January 2020
Test and Reliability in Approximate Computing Anghel, Lorena; Benabdenbi, Mounir; Bosio, Alberto Journal of Electronic Testing, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-018-5734-9	journal	May 2018
On Quantitative Algebraic Higher-Order Theories Lago, Ugo Dal; Honsell, Furio; Lenisa, Marina arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13654	preprint	January 2022
Evaluation of approximate operators case study Ndour, Geneviève; Jost, Tiago Trevisan; Molnos, Anca Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation https://doi.org/10.1145/3229631.3229646	conference	July 2018
Evaluation of variable bit-width units in a RISC-V processor for approximate computing Ndour, Geneviève; Jost, Tiago Trevisan; Molnos, Anca Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers https://doi.org/10.1145/3310273.3323159	conference	April 2019
Towards Approximate Mobile Computing Pejović, Veljko GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/3325867.3325871	journal	May 2019
Optimizing Bit-Serial Matrix Multiplication for Reconfigurable Computing Umuroglu, Yaman; Conficconi, Davide; Rasnayake, Lahiru ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/3337929	journal	August 2019
A GPU Register File using Static Data Compression Angerd, Alexandra; Sintorn, Erik; Stenstrom, Per 49th International Conference on Parallel Processing - ICPP https://doi.org/10.1145/3404397.3404431	conference	August 2020
Understanding Cache Compression Carvalho, Daniel Rodrigues; Seznec, André ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/3457207	journal	June 2021
On Quantitative Algebraic Higher-Order Theories Dal Lago, Ugo; Honsell, Furio; Lenisa, Marina Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.fscd.2022.4	text	January 2022
Differential Logical Relations, Part I: The Simply-Typed Case Dal Lago, Ugo; Gavazzo, Francesco; Yoshimizu, Akira Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik GmbH, Wadern/Saarbruecken, Germany https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2019.111	text	January 2019
Mez: A Messaging System for Latency-Sensitive Multi-Camera Machine Vision at the IoT Edge George, Anjus; Ravindran, Arun; Mendieta, Mattias arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.13549	preprint	January 2020

Similar Records

An Application Specific Memory Characterization Technique for Co-processor Accelerators

Conference · Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007 · OSTI ID:1286958

Alam, Sadaf R; Smith, Melissa C; Vetter, Jeffrey S

Institute for Sustained Performance, Energy, and Resilience (SuPER)

Technical Report · Wed Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2016 · OSTI ID:1286958

Jagode, Heike; Bosilca, George; Danalis, Anthony; +2 more

Storage-Intensive Supercomputing Benchmark Study

Technical Report · Tue Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2007 · OSTI ID:1286958

Cohen, J; Dossa, D; Gokhale, M; +4 more

Related Subjects

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
review
classification
approximate computing technique (ACT)
approximate storage
quality configurability
CPU
GPU
FPGA
neural networks
design
performance

Title: A Survey of Techniques for Approximate Computing

Citation Formats

References (94)

Cited By (23)

Similar Records

Related Subjects