Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers

Rivnay, Jonathan; Inal, Sahika; Collins, Brian A.; Sessolo, Michele; Stavrinidou, Eleni; Strakosas, Xenofon; Tassone, Christopher; Delongchamp, Dean M.; Malliaras, George G.

doi:10.1038/ncomms11287

Title: Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers

Journal Article · Tue Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11287· OSTI ID:1253733

^[1]; Inal, Sahika ^[1]; Collins, Brian A. ^[2]; Sessolo, Michele ^[3]; Stavrinidou, Eleni ^[1]; Strakosas, Xenofon ^[1]; Tassone, Christopher ^[4]; Delongchamp, Dean M. ^[5]; Malliaras, George G. ^[1]

Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne (France)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
Univ. de Valencia, Paterna (Spain)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT:PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT:PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. As a result, these findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1253733

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 7; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 552 works

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Printed, 1 V electrolyte-gated transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) operating at >10 kHz on plastic Zare Bidoky, Fazel; Hyun, Woo Jin; Song, Donghoon Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025475	journal	July 2018
Bulk electronic transport impacts on electron transfer at conducting polymer electrode–electrolyte interfaces Wijeratne, Kosala; Ail, Ujwala; Brooke, Robert Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806087115	journal	November 2018
Manipulating nanoscale structure to control functionality in printed organic photovoltaic, transistor and bioelectronic devices Griffith, Matthew J.; Holmes, Natalie P.; Elkington, Daniel C. Nanotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab57d0	journal	December 2019
Ultra-sensitive protein detection with organic electrochemical transistors printed on plastic substrates Macchia, Eleonora; Romele, Paolo; Manoli, Kyriaki Flexible and Printed Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/aad0cb	journal	July 2018
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Microscale physiological events on the human cortical surface detected with PEDOT:PSS Electrodes Paulk, Angelique C.; Yang, Jimmy C.; Cleary, Daniel R. Cerebral Cortex https://doi.org/10.1101/770743	journal	September 2020
Chemical delivery array with millisecond neurotransmitter release Jonsson, Amanda; Sjöström, Theresia Arbring; Tybrandt, Klas Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601340	journal	November 2016
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Organic Bioelectronics: Materials and Biocompatibility Feron, Krishna; Lim, Rebecca; Sherwood, Connor International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082382	journal	August 2018
Micro/Nano Technologies for High-Density Retinal Implant Zeng, Qi; Zhao, Saisai; Yang, Hangao Micromachines, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10060419	journal	June 2019
In-Vitro Hemocompatibility of Polyaniline Functionalized by Bioactive Molecules Skopalová, Katerina; Capáková, Zdenka; Bober, Patrycja Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 11, p. 1861 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111861	journal	November 2019
Materials in Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Bioelectronic Applications: Past, Present, and Future Moser, Maximilian; Ponder, James F.; Wadsworth, Andrew Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807033	journal	December 2018
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Emerging Soft Conductors for Bioelectronic Interfaces Gao, Dace; Parida, Kaushik; Lee, Pooi See Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201907184	journal	November 2019
Macroscale Biomolecular Electronics and Ionics Amdursky, Nadav; Głowacki, Eric Daniel; Meredith, Paul Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802221	journal	September 2018
Ionic-Liquid Doping Enables High Transconductance, Fast Response Time, and High Ion Sensitivity in Organic Electrochemical Transistors Wu, Xihu; Surendran, Abhijith; Ko, Jieun Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805544	journal	November 2018
Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS Kayser, Laure V.; Lipomi, Darren J. Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806133	journal	January 2019
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Solution-Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells Xu, Bowei; Hou, Jianhui Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800022	journal	April 2018
Tailoring the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Films for Bioelectronics ElMahmoudy, Mohammed; Inal, Sahika; Charrier, Anne Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Vol. 302, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201600497	journal	February 2017
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Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels Lu, Baoyang; Yuk, Hyunwoo; Lin, Shaoting Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09003-5	journal	March 2019
Ion buffering and interface charge enable high performance electronics with organic electrochemical transistors Romele, Paolo; Ghittorelli, Matteo; Kovács-Vajna, Zsolt Miklós Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11073-4	journal	July 2019
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Human sweat monitoring using polymer-based fiber Lim, Taekyung; Kim, Youngseok; Jeong, Sang-Mi Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53677-2	journal	November 2019
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Tuning the optoelectronic properties of PEDOT:PSS-PVP core–shell electrospun nanofibers by solvent-quantum dot doping and phase inversion Mendoza-Diaz, M. I.; Garcia-Gutierrez, D. F.; Sepulveda-Guzman, S. Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab2c0b	journal	July 2019
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Organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors Paulsen, Bryan D.; Tybrandt, Klas; Stavrinidou, Eleni Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0435-z	journal	August 2019
The role of chemical design in the performance of organic semiconductors Bronstein, Hugo; Nielsen, Christian B.; Schroeder, Bob C. Nature Reviews Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0152-9	journal	January 2020
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Benchmarking organic mixed conductors for transistors. Inal, Sahika; Malliaras, George; Rivnay, Jonathan Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.21556	text	January 2017
Facile Nanopatterning of PEDOT:PSS Thin Films ElMahmoudy, Mohammed; Charrier, Anne M.; Malliaras, George G. Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700344	journal	February 2018
Next-generation interfaces for studying neural function Frank, James A.; Antonini, Marc-Joseph; Anikeeva, Polina Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 37, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0198-8	journal	August 2019
Organic Electrochemical Transistors Malliaras, George; Rivnay, J.; Inal, S. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.21503	text	January 2018
Biomimetic and electroactive 3D scaffolds for human neural crest-derived stem cell expansion and osteogenic differentiation Iandolo, Donata; Sheard, Jonathan; Levy, Galit Karavitas Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57870	text	January 2020
Monitoring of Cell Layer Integrity with a Current-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Lingstedt, Leona V.; Ghittorelli, Matteo; Brückner, Maximilian FID GEO https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-4648	text	January 2019
Monitoring of Cell Layer Integrity with a Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Lingstedt, Leona V.; Ghittorelli, Matteo; Brückner, Maximilian Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900128	journal	July 2019
Mechanically Flexible Conductors for Stretchable and Wearable E‐Skin and E‐Textile Devices Wang, Binghao; Facchetti, Antonio Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901408	journal	May 2019
A highly sensitive molecular structural probe applied to in situ biosensing of metabolites using PEDOT:PSS. Tan, Ellasia; Pappa, Anna-Maria; Pitsalidis, Charalampos Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.44887	text	January 2020
Biomimetic and electroactive 3D scaffolds for human neural crest-derived stem cell expansion and osteogenic differentiation Iandolo, D.; Sheard, J.; Karavitas Levy, G. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.75719	text	January 2020
Improving the Performance of Paper Supercapacitors Using Redox Molecules from Plants Edberg, Jesper; Brooke, Robert; Granberg, Hjalmar Advanced Sustainable Systems, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.201900050	journal	May 2019
Endogenous Bioelectrics in Development, Cancer, and Regeneration: Drugs and Bioelectronic Devices as Electroceuticals for Regenerative Medicine Levin, Michael; Selberg, John; Rolandi, Marco iScience, Vol. 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.023	journal	December 2019
The Mechanism of Dedoping PEDOT:PSS by Aliphatic Polyamines van der Pol, Tom P. A.; Keene, Scott T.; Saes, Bart W. H. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07718	journal	September 2019
Nitrogen Incorporated Photoactive Brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 for Energy and Environmental Applications Vavilapalli, Durga Sankar; Banik, Soma; Peri, Raja Gopal Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59454-w	journal	February 2020
Highly porous scaffolds of PEDOT:PSS for bone tissue engineering. Guex, Anne Géraldine; Puetzer, Jennifer L.; Armgarth, Astrid Elsevier BV https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.21505	journalarticle	January 2017
The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes. Giovannitti, Alexander; Maria, Iuliana P.; Hanifi, David American Chemical Society (ACS) https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.25316	journalarticle	January 2018
Multimodal Characterization of Neural Networks Using Highly Transparent Electrode Arrays. Donahue, Mary J.; Kaszas, Attila; Turi, Gergely F. Society for Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.35527	journalarticle	January 2018
Development and Characterization of PEDOT:PSS/Alginate Soft Microelectrodes for Application in Neuroprosthetics Ferlauto, Laura; D’Angelo, Antonio Nunzio; Vagni, Paola Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol. 12 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00648	journal	September 2018
Solid-State rGO-PEDOT:PSS Transducing Material for Cost-Effective Enzymatic Sensing Abd-Wahab, Firdaus; Abdul Guthoos, Habibah; Wan Salim, Wan Biosensors, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010036	journal	March 2019
Influence of Electrical and Ionic Conductivities of Organic Electronic Ion Pump on Acetylcholine Exchange Performance Abdullayeva, Nazrin; Sankir, Mehmet Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10060586	journal	May 2017
Graphene-PEDOT: PSS Humidity Sensors for High Sensitive, Low-Cost, Highly-Reliable, Flexible, and Printed Electronics Popov, Vasiliy I.; Kotin, Igor A.; Nebogatikova, Nadezhda A. Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213477	journal	October 2019
Analog Programing of Conducting-Polymer Dendritic Interconnections and Control of their Morphology Janzakova, Kamila; Kumar, Ankush; Ghazal, Mahdi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.00784	text	January 2021

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