Lifecycle assessment of microalgae to biofuel: Comparison of thermochemical processing pathways

Bennion, Edward P.; Ginosar, Daniel M.; Moses, John; Agblevor, Foster; Quinn, Jason C.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.009

Title: Lifecycle assessment of microalgae to biofuel: Comparison of thermochemical processing pathways

Journal Article · Fri Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Applied Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.009· OSTI ID:1177612

Bennion, Edward P. ^[1]; Ginosar, Daniel M. ^[2]; Moses, John ^[3]; Agblevor, Foster ^[4]; Quinn, Jason C. ^[1]

Utah State Univ., Logan, UT (United States). Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Biological and Chemical Processing Dept.
CF Technologies, Hyde Park, MA (United States)
Utah State Univ., Logan, UT (United States). Biological Engineering

Microalgae are currently being investigated as a renewable transportation fuel feedstock based on various advantages that include high annual yields, utilization of poor quality land, does not compete with food, and can be integrated with various waste streams. This study focuses on directly assessing the impact of two different thermochemical conversion technologies on the microalgae to biofuel process through life cycle assessment. A system boundary of a “well to pump” (WTP) is defined and includes sub-process models of the growth, dewatering, thermochemical bio-oil recovery, bio-oil stabilization, conversion to renewable diesel, and transport to the pump. Models were validated with experimental and literature data and are representative of an industrial-scale microalgae to biofuel process. Two different thermochemical bio-oil conversion systems are modeled and compared on a systems level, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis. The environmental impact of the two pathways were quantified on the metrics of net energy ratio (NER), defined here as energy consumed over energy produced, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Results for WTP biofuel production through the HTL pathway were determined to be 1.23 for the NER and GHG emissions of -11.4 g CO_2-eq (MJ renewable diesel)^-1. WTP biofuel production through the pyrolysis pathway results in a NER of 2.27 and GHG emissions of 210 g CO2 eq (MJ renewable diesel)-1. The large environmental impact associated with the pyrolysis pathway is attributed to feedstock drying requirements and combustion of co-products to improve system energetics. Discussion focuses on a detailed breakdown of the overall process energetics and GHGs, impact of modeling at laboratory- scale compared to industrial-scale, environmental impact sensitivity to engineering systems input parameters for future focused research and development and a comparison of results to literature.

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Research Organization:: Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517; 2.13.2.6

OSTI ID:: 1177612

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1247629

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-14-32120; PII: S0306261914012586

Journal Information:: Applied Energy, Vol. 154; ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 173 works

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