Upward-facing Lithium Flash Evaporator for NSTX-U
Abstract
NSTX plasma performance has been significantly enhanced by lithium conditioning [1]. To date, the lower divertor and passive plates have been conditioned by downward facing lithium evaporators (LITER) as appropriate for lower null plasmas. The higher power operation expected from NSTX-U requires double null plasma operation in order to distribute the heat flux between the upper and lower divertors making it desirable to coat the upper divertor region with Li as well. An upward aiming LITER (U-LITER) is presently under development and will be inserted into NSTX-U using a horizontal probe drive located in a 6" upper midplane port. In the retracted position the evaporator will be loaded with up to 300 mg of Li granules utilizing one of the calibrated NSTX Li powder droppers[2]. The evaporator will then be inserted into the vessel in a location within the shadow of the RF limiters and will remain in the vessel during the discharge. About 10 seconds before a discharge, it will be rapidly heated and the lithium completely evaporated onto the upper divertor, thus avoiding the complication of a shutter that prevents evaporation during the shot when the diagnostic shutters are open. The minimal time interval between the evaporation andmore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1088029
- Report Number(s):
- PPPL-4926
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-ACO2-09-CH11466
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: SOFE 2013 Proeedings (June 0213) 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San Francisco, CA (June 10-14, 2013)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Tokamaks, NSTX, Plasma-wall Interaction, Lithium
Citation Formats
Roquemore, A. L. Upward-facing Lithium Flash Evaporator for NSTX-U. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web.
Roquemore, A. L. Upward-facing Lithium Flash Evaporator for NSTX-U. United States.
Roquemore, A. L. 2013.
"Upward-facing Lithium Flash Evaporator for NSTX-U". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1088029.
@article{osti_1088029,
title = {Upward-facing Lithium Flash Evaporator for NSTX-U},
author = {Roquemore, A. L.},
abstractNote = {NSTX plasma performance has been significantly enhanced by lithium conditioning [1]. To date, the lower divertor and passive plates have been conditioned by downward facing lithium evaporators (LITER) as appropriate for lower null plasmas. The higher power operation expected from NSTX-U requires double null plasma operation in order to distribute the heat flux between the upper and lower divertors making it desirable to coat the upper divertor region with Li as well. An upward aiming LITER (U-LITER) is presently under development and will be inserted into NSTX-U using a horizontal probe drive located in a 6" upper midplane port. In the retracted position the evaporator will be loaded with up to 300 mg of Li granules utilizing one of the calibrated NSTX Li powder droppers[2]. The evaporator will then be inserted into the vessel in a location within the shadow of the RF limiters and will remain in the vessel during the discharge. About 10 seconds before a discharge, it will be rapidly heated and the lithium completely evaporated onto the upper divertor, thus avoiding the complication of a shutter that prevents evaporation during the shot when the diagnostic shutters are open. The minimal time interval between the evaporation and the start of the discharge will avoid the passivation of the lithium by residual gases and enable the study of the conditioning effects of un-passivated Li surfaces [3]. Two methods are being investigated to accomplish the rapid (few second) heating of the lithium. A resistive method relies on passing a large current through a Li filled crucible. A second method requires using a 3 kW e-beam gun to heat the Li. In this paper the evaporator systems will be described and the pros and cons of each heating method will be discussed.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1088029},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Tue Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}