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Title: Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater

Abstract

Although heat pump water heaters are today widely accepted in both Japan and Europe, where energy costs are high and government incentives for their use exist, acceptance of such products in the US has been limited. While this trend is slowly changing with the introduction of heat pump water heaters into the residential market, but acceptance remains low in the commercial sector. The objective of the presented work is the development of a high efficiency R744 heat pump water heater for commercial applications with effective utilization of the cooling capability for air conditioning and/or refrigeration. The ultimate goal is to achieve total system COP of up to 8. This unit will be targeted at commercial use where some cooling load is typically needed year round, such as restaurants, hotels, nursing homes, and hospitals. This paper presents the performance results from the development of four R744 commercial heat pump water heater packages of approximately 35 kW and comparison to a commercially available baseline R134a unit of the same capacity and footprint. In addition, the influences of an internal heat exchanger and an enhanced evaporator on the system performance are described and recommendations are made for further improvements of the R744 system.

Authors:
; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Creative Thermal Solutions, Inc.
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Golden Field Office; USDOE EE Office of Building Technologies (EE-2J)
OSTI Identifier:
1063976
Report Number(s):
DOE/EE0003981-2
DOE Contract Number:  
EE0003981
Resource Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 16-19, 2012
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; R744; R744 heat pump water heater; heat pump; water heater, carbon dioxide, COP improvement; CO2; evaporator; commercial

Citation Formats

PETERSEN, Michael, BOWERS, Chad D, ELBEL, Stefan, and HRNJAK, Pega. Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater. United States: N. p., 2012. Web.
PETERSEN, Michael, BOWERS, Chad D, ELBEL, Stefan, & HRNJAK, Pega. Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater. United States.
PETERSEN, Michael, BOWERS, Chad D, ELBEL, Stefan, and HRNJAK, Pega. 2012. "Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1063976.
@article{osti_1063976,
title = {Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater},
author = {PETERSEN, Michael and BOWERS, Chad D and ELBEL, Stefan and HRNJAK, Pega},
abstractNote = {Although heat pump water heaters are today widely accepted in both Japan and Europe, where energy costs are high and government incentives for their use exist, acceptance of such products in the US has been limited. While this trend is slowly changing with the introduction of heat pump water heaters into the residential market, but acceptance remains low in the commercial sector. The objective of the presented work is the development of a high efficiency R744 heat pump water heater for commercial applications with effective utilization of the cooling capability for air conditioning and/or refrigeration. The ultimate goal is to achieve total system COP of up to 8. This unit will be targeted at commercial use where some cooling load is typically needed year round, such as restaurants, hotels, nursing homes, and hospitals. This paper presents the performance results from the development of four R744 commercial heat pump water heater packages of approximately 35 kW and comparison to a commercially available baseline R134a unit of the same capacity and footprint. In addition, the influences of an internal heat exchanger and an enhanced evaporator on the system performance are described and recommendations are made for further improvements of the R744 system.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1063976}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2012},
month = {Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2012}
}

Conference:
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