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Title: The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.

Abstract

The increasing demand for natural gas could increase the number and frequency of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanker deliveries to ports across the United States. Because of the increasing number of shipments and the number of possible new facilities, concerns about the potential safety of the public and property from an accidental, and even more importantly intentional spills, have increased. While improvements have been made over the past decade in assessing hazards from LNG spills, the existing experimental data is much smaller in size and scale than many postulated large accidental and intentional spills. Since the physics and hazards from a fire change with fire size, there are concerns about the adequacy of current hazard prediction techniques for large LNG spills and fires. To address these concerns, Congress funded the Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 to conduct a series of laboratory and large-scale LNG pool fire experiments at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This report presents the test data and results of both sets of fire experiments. A series of five reduced-scale (gas burner) tests (yielding 27 sets of data) were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Sandia's Thermal Test Complex (TTC) to assess flame heightmore » to fire diameter ratios as a function of nondimensional heat release rates for extrapolation to large-scale LNG fires. The large-scale LNG pool fire experiments were conducted in a 120 m diameter pond specially designed and constructed in Sandia's Area III large-scale test complex. Two fire tests of LNG spills of 21 and 81 m in diameter were conducted in 2009 to improve the understanding of flame height, smoke production, and burn rate and therefore the physics and hazards of large LNG spills and fires.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, NM, and Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1044989
Report Number(s):
SAND2010-8676
TRN: US201214%%1063
DOE Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
03 NATURAL GAS; EXTRAPOLATION; FLAMES; FORECASTING; GAS SPILLS; LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS; NATURAL GAS; PHYSICS; PONDS; PRODUCTION; SAFETY; SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES

Citation Formats

Simpson, Richard B., Jensen, Richard Pearson, Demosthenous, Byron, Luketa, Anay Josephine, Ricks, Allen Joseph, Hightower, Marion Michael, Blanchat, Thomas K., Helmick, Paul H., Tieszen, Sheldon Robert, Deola, Regina Anne, Mercier, Jeffrey Alan, Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie, and Miller, Timothy J. The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.. United States: N. p., 2010. Web. doi:10.2172/1044989.
Simpson, Richard B., Jensen, Richard Pearson, Demosthenous, Byron, Luketa, Anay Josephine, Ricks, Allen Joseph, Hightower, Marion Michael, Blanchat, Thomas K., Helmick, Paul H., Tieszen, Sheldon Robert, Deola, Regina Anne, Mercier, Jeffrey Alan, Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie, & Miller, Timothy J. The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1044989
Simpson, Richard B., Jensen, Richard Pearson, Demosthenous, Byron, Luketa, Anay Josephine, Ricks, Allen Joseph, Hightower, Marion Michael, Blanchat, Thomas K., Helmick, Paul H., Tieszen, Sheldon Robert, Deola, Regina Anne, Mercier, Jeffrey Alan, Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie, and Miller, Timothy J. 2010. "The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.". United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1044989. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1044989.
@article{osti_1044989,
title = {The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.},
author = {Simpson, Richard B. and Jensen, Richard Pearson and Demosthenous, Byron and Luketa, Anay Josephine and Ricks, Allen Joseph and Hightower, Marion Michael and Blanchat, Thomas K. and Helmick, Paul H. and Tieszen, Sheldon Robert and Deola, Regina Anne and Mercier, Jeffrey Alan and Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie and Miller, Timothy J.},
abstractNote = {The increasing demand for natural gas could increase the number and frequency of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanker deliveries to ports across the United States. Because of the increasing number of shipments and the number of possible new facilities, concerns about the potential safety of the public and property from an accidental, and even more importantly intentional spills, have increased. While improvements have been made over the past decade in assessing hazards from LNG spills, the existing experimental data is much smaller in size and scale than many postulated large accidental and intentional spills. Since the physics and hazards from a fire change with fire size, there are concerns about the adequacy of current hazard prediction techniques for large LNG spills and fires. To address these concerns, Congress funded the Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 to conduct a series of laboratory and large-scale LNG pool fire experiments at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This report presents the test data and results of both sets of fire experiments. A series of five reduced-scale (gas burner) tests (yielding 27 sets of data) were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Sandia's Thermal Test Complex (TTC) to assess flame height to fire diameter ratios as a function of nondimensional heat release rates for extrapolation to large-scale LNG fires. The large-scale LNG pool fire experiments were conducted in a 120 m diameter pond specially designed and constructed in Sandia's Area III large-scale test complex. Two fire tests of LNG spills of 21 and 81 m in diameter were conducted in 2009 to improve the understanding of flame height, smoke production, and burn rate and therefore the physics and hazards of large LNG spills and fires.},
doi = {10.2172/1044989},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1044989}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2010},
month = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2010}
}