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Title: Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering

Abstract

We review the role of two-photon exchange (TPE) in electron-hadron scattering, focusing in particular on hadronic frameworks suitable for describing the low and moderate Q^2 region relevant to most experimental studies. We discuss the effects of TPE on the extraction of nucleon form factors and their role in the resolution of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio puzzle. The implications of TPE on various other observables, including neutron form factors, electroproduction of resonances and pions, and nuclear form factors, are summarized. Measurements seeking to directly identify TPE effects, such as through the angular dependence of polarization measurements, nonlinear epsilon contributions to the cross sections, and via e+p to e-p cross section ratios, are also outlined. In the weak sector, we describe the role of TPE and gamma-Z interference in parity-violating electron scattering, and assess their impact on the extraction of the strange form factors of the nucleon and the weak charge of the proton.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1024480
Report Number(s):
JLAB-THY-11-1365; DOE/OR/23177-1550; arXiv:1105.0951
Journal ID: ISSN 0146-6410; PPNPDB; TRN: US1104751
DOE Contract Number:  
AC05-06OR23177
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 66; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0146-6410
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; CROSS SECTIONS; ELECTRONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; FOCUSING; FORM FACTORS; NEUTRONS; NUCLEONS; PIONS; POLARIZATION; PROTONS; RESOLUTION; SCATTERING

Citation Formats

J. Arrington, P. G. Blunden, W. Melnitchouk. Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering. United States: N. p., 2011. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003.
J. Arrington, P. G. Blunden, W. Melnitchouk. Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003
J. Arrington, P. G. Blunden, W. Melnitchouk. 2011. "Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1024480.
@article{osti_1024480,
title = {Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering},
author = {J. Arrington, P. G. Blunden, W. Melnitchouk},
abstractNote = {We review the role of two-photon exchange (TPE) in electron-hadron scattering, focusing in particular on hadronic frameworks suitable for describing the low and moderate Q^2 region relevant to most experimental studies. We discuss the effects of TPE on the extraction of nucleon form factors and their role in the resolution of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio puzzle. The implications of TPE on various other observables, including neutron form factors, electroproduction of resonances and pions, and nuclear form factors, are summarized. Measurements seeking to directly identify TPE effects, such as through the angular dependence of polarization measurements, nonlinear epsilon contributions to the cross sections, and via e+p to e-p cross section ratios, are also outlined. In the weak sector, we describe the role of TPE and gamma-Z interference in parity-violating electron scattering, and assess their impact on the extraction of the strange form factors of the nucleon and the weak charge of the proton.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1024480}, journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
issn = {0146-6410},
number = 4,
volume = 66,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011},
month = {Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011}
}