A novel concept for high conversion of coal to liquids. Final report, 1 September 1988--31 August 1992
A batch microreactor was designed and fabricated as a means of investigating maximum yields of liquids obtainable in very short reaction times of the order of a few seconds, and the maximum ratios of liquids/hydrocarbon (HC) gases obtainable under those conditions. A Wyodak sub-bituminous coal, crushed and sieved to {minus}200 mesh particle size, was used in the experiments, with a temperature of 500{degrees}C and a pressure of 1500 psi. The fine coal particles were fed dry to the reactor and heated to reaction temperature in times of one to two seconds. At a time of 3 seconds at reaction temperature, in a single pass a liquid yield of 60% by weight of the coal was obtained, accompanied by a ratio of liquids/(HC) gases of 30/1. When the unreacted solids were recycled to the reactor, and the results combined with those of the first pass, a liquid yield of 82% by weight of the coal was achieved, accompanied by a ratio of liquids/HC gases of 30/1. This ratio represents only about 3 wt percent HC gases, much lower that is produced in current advanced technologies, and represents a large saving in hydrogen consumption. A simulated distillation technique was applied to the liquids. The liquid product contained 86% by weight (of the liquids) total distillables (boiling point below 538{degrees}C), including 70% by weight of low-boiling fractions in the gasoline, kerosene and gas oil range (boiling point up to 325{degrees}C). The liquid product exhibited a H/C ratio of 1.5, which is considerably higher than observed in current advanced technologies for the primary liquids. Several catalysts were investigated. Iron catalysts, specifically ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferric sulfate pentahydrate, each produced these high conversions and high ratios of liquids/HC gases.
- Research Organization:
- Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC22-88PC88817
- OSTI ID:
- 10162078
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/PC/88817-T16; ON: DE94014366; BR: AA2560000
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: PBD: Apr 1994
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Catalytic two-stage coal hydrogenation and hydroconversion process
Catalytic two-stage coal hydrogenation process using extinction recycle of heavy liquid fraction
Related Subjects
COAL LIQUEFACTION
CHEMICAL REACTORS
CATALYSTS
CONSTRUCTION
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
COAL LIQUIDS
YIELDS
DISTILLATION
IRON SULFATES
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
IRON CHLORIDES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
PROGRESS REPORT
DESIGN
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
TEMPERATURE RANGE 0400-1000 K
MEDIUM PRESSURE
HYDRATES
010405
HYDROGENATION AND LIQUEFACTION