Fundamental study of ammonia-sulfur dioxide reactions to form solid particles. Final report
- Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The effects of reaction residence time, presence of inert particles and moisture content on the SO{sub 2} removal and the product particle size distributions have been determined. Results indicated that both gas phase and particle phase reach equilibria in a very short time. The presence of inert particles increases the SO{sub 2} removal efficiency slightly, with a greater increase in removal efficiency at higher surface areas. Moisture content is the most important parameter affecting SO{sub 2} removal. Increasing the moisture content from 1.6% to 6.4% by volume results in a 30% increase of the SO{sub 2} removal at a reaction temperature of 51{degree}C. The products at near anhydrous conditions were concluded to be NH{sub 3}SO{sub 2}, (NH{sub 3}){sub 2}SO{sub 2} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 5}. While the products at humid conditions could be either the 1:1 sulfites, NH{sub 4}HSO{sub 3} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 5}, or the 2:1 sulfites, (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 3} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 3} {minus}H{sub 2}O, or a mixture of the 1:1 and 2:1 sulfite. Those sulfite particles could subsequently oxidize to form the more stable sulfate particles. A gas-to-particle formation model has been developed to simulate the NH{sub 3}-SO{sub 2} system in the presence and absence of seed aerosols at trace water conditions. This model accounts for simultaneous nucleation, coagulation, condensation and chemical reaction. The applicability of utilizing ammonia injection to a flue gas system has been discussed in terms of two possible removal schemes. One utilizes ammonia injection alone and the other is in conjunction with the injection of Ca(OH){sub 2} slurry in a spray dryer system. Both schemes have the potential of achieving over 90% SO{sub 2} removal from power plants burning high-sulfur coals.
- Research Organization:
- Ohio Coal Development Office, Columbus, OH (United States); Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Ohio State Government, Columbus, OH (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 10139178
- Report Number(s):
- OCDO-94009366; ON: TI94009366; CNN: Grant CDO/R88-14
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: PBD: 18 Jan 1994
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
37 INORGANIC
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
AMMONIA
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
FLUE GAS
DESULFURIZATION
TEMPERATURE RANGE
AMMONIUM SULFATES
WATER VAPOR
SULFITES
THERMODYNAMICS
NUCLEATION
CALCIUM HYDROXIDES
PROGRESS REPORT
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
200202
400201
NOXIOUS GAS AND PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES