Impacts of Mid-level Biofuel Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-Out and Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions: Preprint
The influences of ethanol and iso-butanol blended with gasoline on engine-out and post Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) particle size distribution and number concentration were studied using a GM 2.0L turbocharged Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine. The engine was operated using the production ECU with a dynamometer controlling the engine speed and the accelerator pedal position controllingthe engine load. A TSI Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) spectrometer was used to measure the particle size distribution in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm with a sampling rate of 1 Hz. US federal certification gasoline (E0), two ethanol-blended fuels (E10 and E20), and 11.7% iso-butanol blended fuel (BU12) were tested. Measurements were conducted at ten selected steady-state engine operationconditions. Bi-modal particle size distributions were observed for all operating conditions with peak values at particle sizes of 10 nm and 70 nm. Idle and low speed / low load conditions emitted higher total particle numbers than other operating conditions. At idle, the engine-out Particulate Matter (PM) emissions were dominated by nucleation mode particles, and the production TWC reduced thesenucleation mode particles by more than 50%, while leaving the accumulation mode particle distribution unchanged. At engine load higher than 6 bar NMEP, accumulation mode particles dominated the engine-out particle emissions and the TWC had little effect. Compared to the baseline gasoline (E0), E10 does not significantly change PM emissions, while E20 and BU12 both reduce PM emissions under theconditions studied. Iso-butanol was observed to impact PM emissions more than ethanol, with up to 50% reductions at some conditions. In this paper, the issues related to PM measurement using FMPS are also discussed. While some uncertainties are due to engine variation, the FMPS must be operated under careful maintenance procedures in order to achieve repeatable measurement results.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- OSTI ID:
- 1006241
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-5400-49311; TRN: US1101202
- Resource Relation:
- Journal Volume: 1; Conference: Presented at the SAE 2010 Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, 25-27 October 2010, San Diego, California
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Characterization of GDI PM during Vehicle Start-Stop Operation
Ethanol Blend Effects On Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions
Related Subjects
02 PETROLEUM
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
ACCELERATORS
BIOFUELS
CATALYSTS
DISTRIBUTION
DYNAMOMETERS
ENGINES
ETHANOL
GASOLINE
IGNITION
LUBRICANTS
MAINTENANCE
NUCLEATION
PARTICLE SIZE
PARTICULATES
PRODUCTION
SAMPLING
SPECTROMETERS
VELOCITY
ethanol
gasoline blends
iso-butanol blended fuel
engine performance
emissions