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Title: Effects of hazardous environments on animal performance. Final report, Mar 88-Mar 91

Abstract

Using a variety of experimental methods and procedures, animal models are used to measure the effects on performance of combat threats and countermeasures for such threats. The ultimate usefulness of such measurements in animal models will depend on extrapolations from performance changes in animals to performance changes in humans performing tasks of military relevance. This report describes several tasks in use for performance assessments in animals, and the results of experiments using these tasks to estimate performance threats from chemical warfare agents and from chemical countermeasures to these agents, as well as the efficacy of such countermeasures in reducing deleterious effects of threat agents. The use of rodents to characterize changes in neural structure and function concomitant with near-lethal exposures to chemical threat agents is also illustrated. Efforts to make rodents more closely resemble primates in their sensitivity to anticholinesterases through the use of carboxylesterase inhibitors are reported. Development of a primate model for thermal stress effects in chemical warfare defense is also described. The application of primate performance assessment techniques to the medical question of hyperbaric oxygen treatment effects on carbon monoxide toxicity is also presented.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Systems Research Labs., Inc., Dayton, OH (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
7277982
Report Number(s):
AD-A-251904/9/XAB
CNN: F33615-87-C-0625
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.; CARBON MONOXIDE; TOXICITY; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; ATROPINE; BIOLOGICAL MODELS; CHOLINESTERASE; ENZYME INHIBITORS; OXYGEN; PRIMATES; RODENTS; SENSITIVITY; ALKALOIDS; ANIMALS; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS; CARBON COMPOUNDS; CARBON OXIDES; CARBOXYLESTERASES; CHALCOGENIDES; DRUGS; ELEMENTS; ENZYMES; ESTERASES; HYDROLASES; MAMMALS; NONMETALS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; PARASYMPATHOLYTICS; PROTEINS; VERTEBRATES; WEAPONS; 450600* - Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense- Chemical & Biological- (1990); 560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology

Citation Formats

Murphy, M R. Effects of hazardous environments on animal performance. Final report, Mar 88-Mar 91. United States: N. p., 1992. Web.
Murphy, M R. Effects of hazardous environments on animal performance. Final report, Mar 88-Mar 91. United States.
Murphy, M R. 1992. "Effects of hazardous environments on animal performance. Final report, Mar 88-Mar 91". United States.
@article{osti_7277982,
title = {Effects of hazardous environments on animal performance. Final report, Mar 88-Mar 91},
author = {Murphy, M R},
abstractNote = {Using a variety of experimental methods and procedures, animal models are used to measure the effects on performance of combat threats and countermeasures for such threats. The ultimate usefulness of such measurements in animal models will depend on extrapolations from performance changes in animals to performance changes in humans performing tasks of military relevance. This report describes several tasks in use for performance assessments in animals, and the results of experiments using these tasks to estimate performance threats from chemical warfare agents and from chemical countermeasures to these agents, as well as the efficacy of such countermeasures in reducing deleterious effects of threat agents. The use of rodents to characterize changes in neural structure and function concomitant with near-lethal exposures to chemical threat agents is also illustrated. Efforts to make rodents more closely resemble primates in their sensitivity to anticholinesterases through the use of carboxylesterase inhibitors are reported. Development of a primate model for thermal stress effects in chemical warfare defense is also described. The application of primate performance assessment techniques to the medical question of hyperbaric oxygen treatment effects on carbon monoxide toxicity is also presented.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7277982}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1992},
month = {Sun Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1992}
}

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