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Title: Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry

Abstract

Emission spectrometers provide alternative, relatively inexpensive methods for detecting the concentration of respiratory gas nitrogen. Mass spectrometers are accepted as reliable monitors of end-tidal nitrogen for detection of venous air embolisms. We evaluated an inexpensive emission spectrometer for detecting changes in nitrogen levels and compared it with a mass spectrometer for detecting increased end-tidal nitrogen levels in dogs with venous air embolisms. During in vitro gas flow studies (helium; oxygen; helium/oxygen mixtures; or 70% nitrous oxide/30% oxygen with 0, 1, 2, or 3% isoflurane), air boluses (0.01 to 5.0 ml) were injected into a gas flow circuit and outlet nitrogen levels were measured by a Collins 21232 emission spectrometer. Responses were greater after each bolus when helium rather than oxygen was the major diluent gas. During in vivo studies, 5 dogs were anesthetized, ventilated, denitrogenated, and given venous air embolisms (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ml.kg-1) during oxygen and then during Heliox (20% oxygen:80% helium) breathing. End-tidal nitrogen increased approximately two-fold after venous air embolisms given during Heliox as compared with oxygen ventilation. In all 0.1-ml.kg-1 venous air embolisms end-tidal nitrogen increased when the emission spectrometer was used, but venous air embolisms less than 1.0 ml.kg-1 were not consistently detected bymore » mass spectrometry. Emission spectrometry can be used to detect increased end-tidal nitrogen levels indicative of venous air embolism and may be a more sensitive detector than mass spectrometry.« less

Authors:
; ;  [1]
  1. Pennsylvania State Univ., Hershey (USA)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
7167935
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Clinical Monitoring; (USA)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6:1; Journal ID: ISSN 0748-1977
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; MASS SPECTROMETERS; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS; X-RAY SPECTROMETERS; DOGS; HELIUM; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; ANIMALS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELEMENTS; FLUIDS; GASES; MAMMALS; MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS; NONMETALS; RARE GASES; SPECTROMETERS; VERTEBRATES; 550602* - Medicine- External Radiation in Diagnostics- (1980-)

Citation Formats

Russell, G B, Richard, R B, and Snider, M T. Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry. United States: N. p., 1990. Web. doi:10.1007/BF02832178.
Russell, G B, Richard, R B, & Snider, M T. Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02832178
Russell, G B, Richard, R B, and Snider, M T. 1990. "Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02832178.
@article{osti_7167935,
title = {Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry},
author = {Russell, G B and Richard, R B and Snider, M T},
abstractNote = {Emission spectrometers provide alternative, relatively inexpensive methods for detecting the concentration of respiratory gas nitrogen. Mass spectrometers are accepted as reliable monitors of end-tidal nitrogen for detection of venous air embolisms. We evaluated an inexpensive emission spectrometer for detecting changes in nitrogen levels and compared it with a mass spectrometer for detecting increased end-tidal nitrogen levels in dogs with venous air embolisms. During in vitro gas flow studies (helium; oxygen; helium/oxygen mixtures; or 70% nitrous oxide/30% oxygen with 0, 1, 2, or 3% isoflurane), air boluses (0.01 to 5.0 ml) were injected into a gas flow circuit and outlet nitrogen levels were measured by a Collins 21232 emission spectrometer. Responses were greater after each bolus when helium rather than oxygen was the major diluent gas. During in vivo studies, 5 dogs were anesthetized, ventilated, denitrogenated, and given venous air embolisms (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ml.kg-1) during oxygen and then during Heliox (20% oxygen:80% helium) breathing. End-tidal nitrogen increased approximately two-fold after venous air embolisms given during Heliox as compared with oxygen ventilation. In all 0.1-ml.kg-1 venous air embolisms end-tidal nitrogen increased when the emission spectrometer was used, but venous air embolisms less than 1.0 ml.kg-1 were not consistently detected by mass spectrometry. Emission spectrometry can be used to detect increased end-tidal nitrogen levels indicative of venous air embolism and may be a more sensitive detector than mass spectrometry.},
doi = {10.1007/BF02832178},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7167935}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Monitoring; (USA)},
issn = {0748-1977},
number = ,
volume = 6:1,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1990},
month = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1990}
}