Control technology alternatives and costs for compliance: elemental phosphorus plants. Final report
On April 6, 1983, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a standard under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act limiting airborne polonium-210 emissions for calciner operations at domestic elemental phosphorus plants to 1 Ci/yr. To evaluate the effect of the proposed standard, physical and chemical properties of polonium through plant processes assessed. Results indicate that polonium is volatilized from phosphate ore during calcining and, for the most part, deposited on fine particulates leaving the process. Projected emissions for each elemental phosphorus plant were determined using available data, and the uncertainty associated with each estimated release was evaluated. After taking into account this uncertainty, two plants were determined to exceed the proposed limiting standard for airborne polonium emissions. One plant was found in borderline compliance. Emission control alternatives are proposed for the three plants. Cost estimates associated with each proposed alternative are provided.
- Research Organization:
- Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, CA (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 7009090
- Report Number(s):
- PB-84-147453
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
CALCINATION
RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS
FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
STANDARDS
AIR
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
PARTICLES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POLONIUM 210
ROASTING
ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CONTROL
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DECOMPOSITION
EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI
FLUIDS
GASES
HEAVY NUCLEI
INDUSTRY
ISOTOPES
MATERIALS
NUCLEI
OXIDATION
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLONIUM ISOTOPES
PYROLYSIS
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
RADIOISOTOPES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
WASTES
500600* - Environment
Atmospheric- Regulations- (-1989)
290300 - Energy Planning & Policy- Environment
Health
& Safety