Diagnosis of industrial catalyst deactivation by surface characterization techniques
- Univ. Gent (Belgium). Lab. voor Petrochemische Techniek Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Engineering Chemistry
The exact nature of the catalyst surface and the various ways of catalyst deactivation are subjects of great scientific interest and enormous economic importance. A brief review like the present one has to be very selective, giving only the underlying principles and representative examples. The focus of this review is on industrial catalysts, in particular, on the most commonly used supported metal and mixed-oxide type catalysts. Here again, only typical examples are chosen and cited to illustrate the specific types of problems involved in catalyst deactivation and how these problems wee diagnosed by a judicious application of the experimental techniques available today. Of the types of catalyst deactivation caused by coking, poisoning, and solid-state transformations, the emphasis in this review is on the last type. Changes in the chemical composition of the catalyst surface, restructuring or reconstruction of the surface, phase transformations, gradual enrichment/depletion of a particular catalyst component on/from the catalyst surface, these are the topics of prominence in this review. Even here, emphasis is on normally unexpected or unsuspected types of deactivation and the catalyst metamorphosis produced by the catalytic reaction itself, as distinct from the purely thermal effects at the reaction temperature. This review is aimed to provide some essential background information and possibly to serve as a reference guide for trouble-shooting when a catalyst is deactivated for rather mysterious reasons. 147 refs.
- OSTI ID:
- 6973755
- Journal Information:
- Chemical Reviews; (United States), Vol. 94:4; ISSN 0009-2665
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
CATALYSTS
DEACTIVATION
CATALYST SUPPORTS
MEASURING METHODS
OXIDES
REVIEWS
SURFACE PROPERTIES
CHALCOGENIDES
DOCUMENT TYPES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
400201* - Chemical & Physicochemical Properties
320302 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Materials