Characterization of planar Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguides in the visible and near-infrared spectral range

Journal Article · Mon Aug 15 00:00:00 EDT 1988 · J. Appl. Phys.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.341764· OSTI ID:6952519

Irrera, F; Valli, M

Several Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides have been fabricated in dry and wet atmosphere, varying the diffusion time. The effect of water vapor on the diffusion process has been investigated. Effective indices and attenuation at lambda = 0.6328, 1.15, and 1.52 ..mu..m have been measured. In the dry case, the Ti in-diffusion proceeds more rapidly than in the wet case, and the two diffusion coefficients have been calculated. Also, it has been observed that the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere does not completely prevent the phenomenon of Li/sub 2/O out-diffusion, while the importance of the boat and the furnace materials in this process has been verified. Attenuation measurements showed that particular care must be taken, when working with waveguides diffused for short times, for two reasons. (1) The ratio diffusion length/wavelength, i.e., the normalized frequency v, decreases, and modes approach the cutoff, becoming more lossy. Of course, this is more evident working at long wavelength. (2) The surface roughness can strongly affect the attenuation value.

• Research Organization: Laboratorio Centrale Industrie FACE STANDARD, Via Nicaragua, 10 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
• OSTI ID: 6952519
• Journal Information: J. Appl. Phys.; (United States), Vol. 64:4
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
LITHIUM OXIDES
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
NIOBIUM OXIDES
WAVEGUIDES
FABRICATION
DOPED MATERIALS
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
LASER RADIATION
OPTICAL MODES
POLARIZATION
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SPUTTERING
TITANIUM ADDITIONS
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALLOYS
CHALCOGENIDES
COHERENT SCATTERING
DIFFRACTION
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MATERIALS
MICROSCOPY
NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS
OSCILLATION MODES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RADIATIONS
REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS
SCATTERING
TITANIUM ALLOYS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
360204* - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Physical Properties