Occurrence and exposures to disinfectants and disinfection by-products
Disinfection by-products are associated with all chemical disinfectants. The concentration and toxic nature of the disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is a direct function of the chemical nature of the disinfectant itself and/or of the chemical reactions of the disinfectant with reaction substrates in the water, especially organic constituents. A principal advantage of biological and physical water treatment processes, such as filtration, is the lack of chemical reactions producing disinfectant-related DBPs. The use of the highest quality source water available is important for minimization of DBP formation. In lieu of such high quality water, improvement of water quality by removal of DBP precursors through filtration or other means before application of chemical disinfectants is important. Most, if not all, water treatment experts are aware of these simplistic axioms. In view of the increasing knowledge being developed concerning DBPs including the identification of new'' DBPs, prudence dictates minimization of DBP formation. Wholesome drinking water is perhaps the biggest economic bargain available to consumers. The cost-effectiveness of water quality improvement should be evaluated with that in mind.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-84OR21400
- OSTI ID:
- 6944055
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9208180-1; ON: DE93003614
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 1. international conference on the safety of water disinfection, balancing chemical and microbial risks, Washington, DC (United States), 31 Aug - 3 Sep 1992
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
DISINFECTANTS
WATER CHEMISTRY
WATER SUPPLY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHLORAMINES
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHLORINATION
CHLORINE OXIDES
DRINKING WATER
FILTRATION
OZONE
WATER TREATMENT
AMINES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISTRY
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
GERMICIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HALOGENATION
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
WATER
552000* - Public Health
540320 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology