Electrochemical phase diagrams for aqueous redox systems. Final report, 1 August 1986-31 July 1989
A completely new phase diagram, the electron number diagram, has been developed for aqueous redox systems. The electron number diagram is a transformed potential-pH diagram in which potential is replaced by its thermodynamic conjugate, the number of electrons. The relationship between electron number diagrams and potential-pH diagrams, which provide complementary information, is explained in thermodynamic and geometric terms. Electron number diagrams show any similarities to metallurgical T-x diagrams. Because electron number is a conserved quantity, material balances can be performed on electron number diagrams, and process trajectories can be followed. The mass and electron balance equations are derived, and electron number diagrams are used to illustrate a variety of process trajectories. The diagrams are of particular value in describing the complex phase chemistry involved in aqueous corrosion, hydrometallurgical ore processing, nuclear waste disposal, geochemical processes and some fuel sulfur removal processes. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of complex aqueous redox systems was the basis for algorithms for construction of generalized chemical potential diagrams, potential-pH diagrams and electron number diagrams. Extremely efficient computer programs based on the algorithms were used to construct diagrams for a variety of systems, including the following which include two active redox elements: the aqueous U-C, Cd-Te and Ga-As systems. Extension of these algorithms to systems of arbitrary complexity is also discussed.
- Research Organization:
- Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6909679
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-217168/4/XAB
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
REDOX REACTIONS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ALGORITHMS
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
ARSENIC
CADMIUM
CARBON
CORROSION
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRONS
EQUATIONS
GALLIUM
PH VALUE
PROGRESS REPORT
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
REMOVAL
SULFUR
TELLURIUM
THERMODYNAMICS
TRAJECTORIES
URANIUM
WASTE DISPOSAL
ACTINIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISTRY
DISPERSIONS
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ELEMENTS
FERMIONS
LEPTONS
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
METALS
MIXTURES
NONMETALS
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
SEMIMETALS
SOLUTIONS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTES
400400* - Electrochemistry
540320 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
540330 - Environment
Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)