Status of flow-battery research in the United States
Flow batteries are defined as electrochemical energy storage devices in which at least one of the active materials is stored external to the power converting cell-stack, and in which this soluble active material is circulated via the electrolyte, through the cell-stack during system charge or discharge. Although intensive development of some of these systems has been underway for some time, they were only classified as a distinct category in the United States recently. Of the projects on flow batteries which are still being conducted, the work on the zinc/chlorine system (EDA) has been in progress since 1968; programs on zinc/bromine (Exxon, Gould), on iron/chromium Redox (NASA-Lewis Research Center), and on the iron/ferric-ferrous chloride system (NRG/GEL) have all been underway about seven years; research on the zinc/ferro-ferricyanide battery (Lockheed) has been conducted since 1978. The present paper, which reviews the 1982 status of these battery programs, appears timely since, except for the Lockheed system, the developments have all reached the stage where multi-kilowatt-hour batteries are under test.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA); Electrochemical Engineering Consultants, Inc., Birmingham, MI (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76DP00789
- OSTI ID:
- 6868188
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-82-2055C; CONF-820907-3; ON: DE82020963
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 13. international power sources symposium, Brighton, UK, 27 Sep 1982
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
REDOX FUEL CELLS
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
ZINC-BROMINE BATTERIES
ZINC-CHLORINE BATTERIES
CHROMIUM
FERRICYANIDES
FERROCYANIDES
IRON
IRON CHLORIDES
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
ZINC
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COMPLEXES
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
FUEL CELLS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
IRON COMPLEXES
IRON COMPOUNDS
METAL-GAS BATTERIES
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
METALS
REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPLEXES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
250901* - Energy Storage- Batteries- Design & Development
300501 - Fuel Cells- Design & Development