Relationships between radiative properties and mass content of phosphoric acid, HC, petroleum oil, and sulfuric acid military smokes. Technical report
The tactical effectiveness of military electro-optical devices such as the forward looking infrared or high energy laser (HEL) systems requires a knowledge of the extinction (absorption and scattering) by the intervening atmosphere. In the case of intentionally produced obscurants such as smokes, a quantitative assessment of these effects generally requires knowledge of the size distribution and concentration of the particles. A relation between the radiative properties of smoke particles and their mass content, even if it is an approximate one, would reduce the complexity of this assessment. One would then only need to know the spacial distribution of the mass content of the smoke particles rather than the details of their particle size distributions and number concentrations. In this report, a linear relation, independent of particle size distribution, between aerosol volume extinction coefficient and mass content is derived and applied to several military smokes: solutions of orthophosphoric acid in water, zinc chloride in water (HC smoke), diesel fuel, fog oil, and sulfuric acid smoke. Comparison of the theoretical extinction-mass relation with infrared (IR) transmission measurements of Milham (1976), Milham et al (1977), and Carlon et al (1977) shows good agreement (generally within 30 percent) between theory and measurement for the highly absorbing phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid smokes , but only fair-to-poor agreement (up to factors of 2.5 to 10 differences) for weakly absorbing HC and fog oil smokes.
- Research Organization:
- Army Electronics Research and Development Command, White Sands Missile Range, NM (USA). Atmospheric Sciences Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 6715899
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-084941
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Methods for Assessing the Impact of Fog Oil Smoke on Availability, Palatability, & Food Quality of Relevant Life Stages of Insects for Threatened and Endangered Species
Assessment of risks of military smokes and obscurants to threatened and endangered species
Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
SMOKES
ABSORPTIVITY
ABSORPTION
BACKSCATTERING
CHLORIDES
DIESEL FUELS
FOG
HYDROCARBONS
LASERS
OILS
PARTICLE SIZE
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHOSPHORIC ACID
SCATTERING
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
SULFURIC ACID
WARFARE
ZINC COMPOUNDS
AEROSOLS
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COLLOIDS
DISPERSIONS
DISTRIBUTION
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RESIDUES
SIZE
SOLS
400301* - Organic Chemistry- Chemical & Physicochemical Properties- (-1987)