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Title: Dynamics of the plinian eruptive phase of Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, West Germany)

Abstract

Phonolitic tuffs, erupted by Laacher See Volcano 11,000 a B.P., cover some 700,000 km/sup 2/ in Central and Northern Europe, form an important marker in Late Glacial sedimentary sections, and comprise some 5 km/sup 3/ phonolite magma (DRE). Some 80% of the magma was erupted during two major Plinian eruptive phases, which produced an airfall pumice bed and an overlying sequence of ash flow deposits and intercalated fallout pumice and are separated by a minor phreatomagmatic eruptive phase (MLST A). Ballistic blocks up to 1.5 m in diameter are abundant in near-vent deposits from most eruptive phases. With transport ranges up to 2.5 km, the ballistic blocks indicate initial velocities of the Plinian eruption columns of c. 300-350 m/s, which fits magmatic gas releases of 2-2.5 wt.-% (H/sub 2/O). Mass eruption rates are estimated as 3x10/sup 8/ to 4x10/sup 8/ kg/s, corresponding to vent radii of 200-250 m. The change in eruption style from a sustained Plinian column to repeatedly collapsing and recovering Plinian eruption columns is interpreted in terms of an interplay of vent erosion and volcanotectonic faulting during a 1 km lateral displacement of the eruptive vent.

Authors:
;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario (Canada)
OSTI Identifier:
6597000
Report Number(s):
CONF-8510489-
Journal ID: CODEN: GAAPB
Resource Type:
Conference
Journal Name:
Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs; (United States)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 17; Conference: 98. annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, Orlando, FL, USA, 28 Oct 1985
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY; VOLCANOES; PUMICE; PETROGENESIS; TUFF; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS; GEOLOGIC FAULTS; MAGMA; MAGMATISM; VOLCANISM; EUROPE; GEOLOGIC FRACTURES; GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES; WESTERN EUROPE; 580202* - Geophysics- Volcanology- (1980-1989); 580300 - Mineralogy, Petrology, & Rock Mechanics- (-1989)

Citation Formats

Bogaard, P V.D., and Schmincke, H U. Dynamics of the plinian eruptive phase of Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, West Germany). United States: N. p., 1985. Web.
Bogaard, P V.D., & Schmincke, H U. Dynamics of the plinian eruptive phase of Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, West Germany). United States.
Bogaard, P V.D., and Schmincke, H U. 1985. "Dynamics of the plinian eruptive phase of Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, West Germany)". United States.
@article{osti_6597000,
title = {Dynamics of the plinian eruptive phase of Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, West Germany)},
author = {Bogaard, P V.D. and Schmincke, H U},
abstractNote = {Phonolitic tuffs, erupted by Laacher See Volcano 11,000 a B.P., cover some 700,000 km/sup 2/ in Central and Northern Europe, form an important marker in Late Glacial sedimentary sections, and comprise some 5 km/sup 3/ phonolite magma (DRE). Some 80% of the magma was erupted during two major Plinian eruptive phases, which produced an airfall pumice bed and an overlying sequence of ash flow deposits and intercalated fallout pumice and are separated by a minor phreatomagmatic eruptive phase (MLST A). Ballistic blocks up to 1.5 m in diameter are abundant in near-vent deposits from most eruptive phases. With transport ranges up to 2.5 km, the ballistic blocks indicate initial velocities of the Plinian eruption columns of c. 300-350 m/s, which fits magmatic gas releases of 2-2.5 wt.-% (H/sub 2/O). Mass eruption rates are estimated as 3x10/sup 8/ to 4x10/sup 8/ kg/s, corresponding to vent radii of 200-250 m. The change in eruption style from a sustained Plinian column to repeatedly collapsing and recovering Plinian eruption columns is interpreted in terms of an interplay of vent erosion and volcanotectonic faulting during a 1 km lateral displacement of the eruptive vent.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6597000}, journal = {Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs; (United States)},
number = ,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1985},
month = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1985}
}

Conference:
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