Economic evaluation of kraft black liquor freeze concentration for the pulp and paper industry: Final report
The system was conceptually incorporated into several paper mill liquor concentration systems. Three fundamental scenarios were considered: a small, sulphite mill expansion comparing freeze concentration to evaporators and vapor recompression; a ''greenfield'' mill which evaluated the use of a freeze concentration process to achieve varying degrees of liquor concentration before achieving final concentration using traditional evaporation; and a kraft mill expansion which explored the use of freeze concentration to achieve a mill capacity expansion using a freeze concentrator in tandem with an existing evaporator set. The performance of these various scenarios were evaluated using a heat balance analysis and the comparative net present value of each arrangement was determined using a traditional evaporator system as a reference. Results indicate that generally the freeze concentration process is not economically attractive relative to traditional evaporator systems at the present time. At a fuel cost of $28.77/barrel, the freeze concentration process becomes attractive. However, this study was performed considering a fuel oil cost of $23.63 per barrel and the world fuel oil price has declined markedly since then.
- Research Organization:
- Main (Charles T.), Inc., Boston, MA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC01-85CE40725
- OSTI ID:
- 6590190
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/CE/40725-1; ON: DE87009325
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
PAPER INDUSTRY
ENERGY CONSERVATION
SLURRIES
FREEZING
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY BALANCE
HEAT
DISPERSIONS
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
INDUSTRY
MIXTURES
SUSPENSIONS
WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
320303* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Equipment & Processes