Selective dissolution and characterization of trace elements in hydrated and recarbonated retorted oil shale
A laboratory study was conducted at the Western Research Institute to evaluate the influence of hydration and recarbonation on the solid phase distribution of trace elements in retorted oil shale. The oil shale samples were retorted by the Paraho direct heating process and equilibrated in the laboratory under controlled carbon dioxide conditions. A sequential extraction technique was then used to fractionate trace elements into soluble, KNO/sub 3/-extractable, H/sub 2/O-extractable, NaOH-extractable, EDTA-extractable, HNO/sub 3/-extractable, and residual (nonextractable) phases. This procedure is purported to identify trace elements that reside in the soluble, easily exchangeable, adsorbed, organic, carbonate, sulfide, and silicate phases, respectively. The chemical fractions present in retorted oil shale and hydrated and recarbonated retorted oil shale are compared to identify trace element mineralogical changes that may occur in retorted oil shale disposal environments. The trace elements examined in this study included barium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. The extractabilities of the major elements - aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, and silicon - were also examined to provide evidence of solid phase elemental associations with trace elements. A significant result of this study is that the mineralogical residencies of trace elements in retorted oil shale were altered in response to hydration and recarbonation. Thus, the behavior of trace elements in retorted oil shale disposal environments may not be adequately predicted through the application of extraction procedures that assess potential trace element leachability. The results of this study also justify the further characterization of trace element selective extractabilities using procedures that partition trace elements residing in the HNO/sub 3/-extractable and residual fractions. 21 refs., 16 figs., 3 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (USA); USDOE Morgantown Energy Technology Center, WV
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-83FE60177
- OSTI ID:
- 6436059
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/FE/60177-2349; ON: DE87010732
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ALUMINIUM
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
ANTIMONY
BARIUM
SOLVENT PROPERTIES
CALCIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
EDTA
IRON
LEAD
LITHIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
NITRIC ACID
POTASSIUM NITRATES
SILICON
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
SPENT SHALES
CARBONYLATION
HYDRATION
STRONTIUM
VANADIUM
WATER
ZINC
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
CARBON DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
LEACHING
PARAHO PROCESS
TRACE AMOUNTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
AMINO ACIDS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON OXIDES
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHELATING AGENTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DISSOLUTION
ELEMENTS
EXTRACTION
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
INFORMATION
INORGANIC ACIDS
MANAGEMENT
METALS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
SEMIMETALS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SOLVATION
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
040500* - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Properties & Composition
040900 - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Waste management