Environmental risk analysis for indirect coal liquefaction
This report presents an analysis of the risks to fish, water quality (due to noxious algal blooms), crops, forests, and wildlife of two technologies for the indirect liquefaction of coal: Lurgi and Koppers-Totzek gasification of coal for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. A variety of analytical techniques were used to make maximum use of the available data to consider effects of effluents on different levels of ecological organization. The most significant toxicants to fish were found to be ammonia, cadmium, and acid gases. An analysis of whole-effluent toxicity indicated that the Lurgi effluent is more acutely toxic than the Koppers-Totzek effluent. Six effluent components appear to pose a potential threat of blue-green algal blooms, primarily because of their effects on higher trophic levels. The most important atmospheric emissions with respect to crops, forests, and wildlife were found to be the conventional combustion products SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub 2/. Of the materials deposited on the soil, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel appear of greatest concern for phytotoxicity. 147 references, 5 figures, 41 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-84OR21400
- OSTI ID:
- 6180594
- Report Number(s):
- ORNL/TM-9120; ON: DE85004767
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 2309
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
COAL LIQUEFACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
RISK ASSESSMENT
AMMONIA
ARSENIC
CADMIUM
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
CROPS
DATA COMPILATION
FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
FISHES
FORESTS
GASEOUS WASTES
KOPPERS-TOTZEK PROCESS
LIQUID WASTES
LURGI PROCESS
NICKEL
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
SULFUR DIOXIDE
TOXICITY
WATER QUALITY
WILD ANIMALS
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL GASIFICATION
DATA
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
GASIFICATION
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
LIQUEFACTION
METALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NITROGEN OXIDES
NUMERICAL DATA
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SEMIMETALS
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
010900* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Environmental Aspects
500200 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
510200 - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
520200 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)