Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. I. Measurements

Journal Article · Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1990 · Physical Review, C (Nuclear Physics); (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.42.2508· OSTI ID:6142111

Cummings, J R; Binns, W R; Garrard, T L; Israel, M H; Klarmann, J; Stone, E C; Waddington, C J ^[1]

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1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (USA) Department of Physics, Washington, University, St. Louis, MO (USA) McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA) George W. Downs Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA (USA)

Relativistic iron, lanthanum, holmium, and gold projectile nuclei with several different energies have been fragmented in targets of polyethylene, carbon, aluminum, copper, and lead. Our detectors cleanly resolve the individual charges of the heaviest of these fragments and provide some limited information on the masses. We have measured 1256 elemental partial cross sections for the production of fragments from interactions in these target materials. Values have been derived for another 417 cross sections in a hydrogen medium. These cross sections depend on the energy and mass of the projectile nuclei as well as on the nature of the target. Total charge-changing cross sections were also found, but only in a composite target, and have been shown to be weakly dependent on energy. The mean mass losses observed for fragments that have lost a few protons show that typically many neutrons are lost with each proton, producing fragment nuclei that must be highly proton rich, and consequently very unstable. The cross sections for charge pickup on heavy targets show a rapid increase with decreasing energy, particularly for the heaviest targets. The systematics of the dependencies of the partial cross sections will be discussed in a companion paper.

• OSTI ID: 6142111
• Journal Information: Physical Review, C (Nuclear Physics); (USA), Vol. 42:6; ISSN 0556-2813
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
ALUMINIUM
HEAVY ION REACTIONS
CARBON
COPPER
NUCLEAR FRAGMENTATION
LEAD
POLYETHYLENES
BEVALAC
CHARGE-EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS
CHERENKOV COUNTERS
CROSS SECTIONS
GOLD
HOLMIUM
HYDROGEN
IRON
LANTHANUM
NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS
RELATIVISTIC RANGE
ACCELERATORS
BARYON-BARYON INTERACTIONS
BASIC INTERACTIONS
CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS
CYCLIC ACCELERATORS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY RANGE
HADRON-HADRON INTERACTIONS
INTERACTIONS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METALS
NONMETALS
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PARTICLE INTERACTIONS
POLYMERS
POLYOLEFINS
RADIATION DETECTORS
RARE EARTHS
STRONG INTERACTIONS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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