Direct water heater load control - Estimating program effectiveness using an engineering model

Journal Article · Mon Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 1993 · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/59.221259· OSTI ID:6102790

Gustafson, M W ^[1]; Baylor, J S ^[2]; Epstein, G ^[3]

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1. Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Denver, CO (United States)
2. Stone and Webster Management Consultants, Inc., Denver, CO (United States)
3. XENERGY, Inc., Burlington, MA (United States)

Most utility demand-side management strategies that involve direct load control have been developed using a pilot testing or demonstration program. Two appliances, electric water heaters and air conditioners, are the primary candidates for direct utility control. A utility can avoid pilot testing programs and proceed directly to program implementation if it designs and conducts a proper load research program in which average customer usage and instantaneous demand are determined as a function of the variables that affect each of them. This paper describes a method to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a direct water heater load control program. Developed through a comprehensive load research program coupled with engineering insights into the energy use of the residential hot water systems, this method results in an algorithm that has been utilized to evaluate the potential for load control on three utility systems in the western US. Variables to be monitored through the load research are presented and a procedure is developed that will allow the system planner to determine if such a program will be cost-effective and successful compared to a program developed through a more traditional pilot or demonstration approach. This paper also outlined how the same methodology can be used for determining a procedure for the dispatcher to properly initiate and terminate a load control program without hot water recovery problems.

• OSTI ID: 6102790
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), Vol. 8:1; ISSN 0885-8950
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
LOAD MANAGEMENT
WATER HEATERS
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
PLANNING
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
APPLIANCES
EQUIPMENT
HEATERS
MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC UTILITIES
SIMULATION
320603* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Municipalities & Community Systems- Public Utilities- (1980-)
296000 - Energy Planning & Policy- Electric Power