Heat and mass transfer in the gas tungsten and gas metal arc welding processes
- Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
The heat transferred from an electrode negative, argon gas tungsten arc to an anode was measured for a wide range of conditions suitable for mechanized welding. The results are given as 1) the arc efficiency and 2) the anode heat and current input distributions for various anode materials over a range of current and voltage. The nominal arc is Gaussian, ~4 mm in diameter, with ~75% heat transfer efficiency. Variations from these values are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal energy transport mechanisms. Heat transferred to the workpiece (cathode) during direct current, electrode positive gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was measured for various parameters applicable to machine welding. The results are presented as a function of electrode speed for changing voltages and contact tip to workpiece distances. The total heat transfer efficiency was nominally 85% for a 0.89 mm diameter steel electrode using an argon-2% oxygen shielding gas; the nominal heat transfer efficiency of the droplet component was 40%. The average droplet temperatures ranged from 2400 to 3100 K, depending on the process parameters. A new method of measuring the heat transferred from the arc to the workpiece, using a boiling liquid nitrogen calorimeter, has been developed that gives rapid, accurate values.
- Research Organization:
- Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC07-76ID01570
- OSTI ID:
- 6019827
- Report Number(s):
- EGG-M-90015; CONF-9008199-1; ON: DE91010089
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 22. ICHMT International Symposium on Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Dubrovnik (Yugoslavia), Aug 1990
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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