Fate and effects of whole drilling fluids and fluid components in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems: a literature review. Progress report
Drilling fluids represent an important aspect of offshore and land based drilling operations. Periodically, the fluids must be changed or they become old and the spent fluids are disposed of in on-land facilities. Introduction into the environment of the chemically complex fluids has prompted effects research addressing terrestrial and freshwater habitats and their respective biological components. Studies with terrestrial plants in laboratory and field experiments show that the fluids and some fluid components exhibit phytotoxicity properties reducing seed germination, growth and yield. Phytotoxicity in whole drilling fluids is attributed to soluble salt concentrations. Preference/avoidance reactions were observed in experiments with whole drilling fluids are also discussed. The range of lethal concentrations of fluid components in toxicity studies was from < 1 to 75,000 mg/l and that for whole drilling fluids from 0.29 to 85% by volume.
- Research Organization:
- McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., Los Angeles, CA (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 5997092
- Report Number(s):
- PB-81-197766
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
DRILLING FLUIDS
TOXICITY
PLANTS
CONTAMINATION
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
GERMINATION
GROUND WATER
MORTALITY
SALINITY
SEEDS
SURFACE WATERS
TROUT
WASTE DISPOSAL
WATER POLLUTION
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
FISHES
FLUIDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
MANAGEMENT
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
VERTEBRATES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WATER
020900* - Petroleum- Environmental Aspects
560303 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Plants- (-1987)