Effects of stripped oil shale retort water on fishes, birds, and mammals
Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus Water), coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix Teminck and Schlegal), fathead minnows (Pimphales promelas Rafinesque), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were subjected to various exposures of stripped oil shale retort water (SRW). Chronic low-level exposures of all experimental animals to SRW revealed no adverse histological effects attributable to SRW. Also, production and development of second generation fathead minnows and coturnix quail exposed to SRW was normal. Subacute exposure of rainbow trout to SRW produced ultrastructural changes detected by transmission, scanning, and freeze fracture electron microscopy) in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues. The gills showed a swelling of secondary lamellae, disorganization of normal tissue architecture, and sloughing of respiratory cells. The liver contained lamellar bodies not seen in the controls. Relatively large, electron dense, membrane-bounded deposits were present in proximal tubule cells of the kidney. Sodium arsenite (a significant component of SRW) was shown to cause swelling of granular endosplasmic reticulum in quail liver tissue with an acute exposure. This effect could be related to the fact that arsenic inhibits ATP production, which would decrease the ability of the sodium pumps to maintain a normal osmotic balance.
- OSTI ID:
- 5928730
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
ARSENIC
TOXICITY
BIRDS
INJURIES
FISHES
GILLS
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES
HAMSTERS
KIDNEYS
LIVER
OIL SHALES
ACUTE EXPOSURE
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
WASTE WATER
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
BODY
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GLANDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
LIQUID WASTES
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
ORGANS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SEMIMETALS
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
WATER
560305* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)
041000 - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Environmental Aspects