Effects of diesel engine exhaust on pulmonary alveolar macrophages
The in vivo effects of inhalation of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) on pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was studied in 73 guinea pigs and 48 rats. Animals were exposed in individual cages in special chambers to 3 different dose levels of DEE expressed in terms of the concentration of soot or carbon particles (-P); 250, 1500, 6000 micrograms DEE-P/M3. Exposure durations for guinea pigs were 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, 2, 4, 8 and 12 months while rats were exposed 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. Age matched controls were similarly exposed concurrently to clean air. PAM obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage from exposed animals had viabilities comparable to controls. PAM diameters and relative surface areas increased 2 to 3 fold over controls and in relation to both the dose of DEE-P given and the exposure duration. Most of the in vivo exposed PAM had phagocytized DEE-P which did not appear to be cytotoxic and remained confined in phagosomes as discrete particles with diameters of 0.014 to 0.072 micrometer. Ability of PAM to adhere and spread on test surfaces was greater in the DEE-P sets than in controls. DEE-P containing PAM were still able to phagocytize latex particles when fed in vitro. However, such PAM had defective phagocytosis ability, and did not in the same time interval take up as much fluorescent latex as controls when studied by flow system technology. Absolute numbers of PAM in guinea pig lavages from exposures to 250 and 1500 microgram DEE-P/M3 for 2 months were not significantly changed over concurrent controls. Exudative leukocytes (eosinophils in guinea pigs and neutrophils in rats) appeared in the lavage in greater numbers as dose and duration of exposure increased. Another species difference was the appearance in DEE-P exposed guinea pig lavages of reactive monocytes.
- OSTI ID:
- 5875832
- Journal Information:
- Scanning Electron Microsc.; (United States), Vol. 3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
02 PETROLEUM
EXHAUST GASES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
MACROPHAGES
SENSITIVITY
DIESEL ENGINES
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
EXPOSURE CHAMBERS
GUINEA PIGS
IN VIVO
INHALATION
LAVAGE
LUNGS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
RATS
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BODY
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ENGINES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
HEAT ENGINES
INTAKE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
MAMMALS
MICROSCOPY
ORGANS
PHAGOCYTES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SOMATIC CELLS
VERTEBRATES
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560305* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)
550300 - Cytology
551000 - Physiological Systems
020900 - Petroleum- Environmental Aspects