Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology

Bateman, R M

Title: Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology

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Abstract

Inductively-coupled plasma-arc spectrometry (ICP) is a rapid, automated method of quantifying the bulk geochemistry of artificially vitrified rocks. Measurable elements (cations of atomic No > 10) are partitioned into three categories (major, minor, trace) of decreasing abundance and increasing potential error. Even a basic analysis of the ten major elements plus loss-on-ignition is sufficient to finger-print a sample, yielding a data-set that can be fed directly into a multivariate analysis to compare and classify rocks. Thus, ex situ plant-bearing blocks can be correlated with their source horizons. ICP data also aid indirect correlation of plant-bearing horizons per se. Extensive ICP sampling reveals spatial trends that can be interpreted palaeoenvironmentally (e.g. indicating the direction of a nearby volcano, or distinguishing between biogenic and non-biogenic limestones enclosing permineralized plants). In contrast variables recorded during fabric analysis are physical rather than chemical, particulate rather than bulk, and few rather than many. Two orientations, relative to magnetic north and to the bedding plane, are taken from clast populations; these are summarized as three values (mean dip, resultant vector, vector magnitude) that can be tested against randomness. Although data are traditionally obtained from large (> 2 cm) abiotic clasts, transported fossil plant fragments are equallymore »« less

Authors:

Bateman, R M ^[1]

Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC (USA)

Publication Date:: Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1991

OSTI Identifier:: 5733504

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: American Journal of Botany; (USA)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: American Journal of Botany; (USA); Journal ID: ISSN 0002-9122

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 58 GEOSCIENCES; RESERVOIR ROCK; MULTI-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; CORRELATIONS; DEPOSITION; ELEMENTS; FOSSILS; GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; GEOLOGIC STRATA; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; ORIGIN; PALEONTOLOGY; PLANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; STRATIGRAPHY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES; GEOLOGY; MATHEMATICS; STATISTICS; 400102* - Chemical & Spectral Procedures; 580000 - Geosciences

Citation Formats


                    Bateman, R M. Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology.  United States: N. p., 1991. 
        Web.

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                    Bateman, R M. Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology.  United States.

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                    Bateman, R M. 1991.  
        "Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology".  United States.

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@article{osti_5733504,

  title        = {Fabric analysis and ICP: Under-used geoanalytical techniques of value for plant biostratigraphy, provenance and palaeoecology},

  author       = {Bateman, R M},

  abstractNote = {Inductively-coupled plasma-arc spectrometry (ICP) is a rapid, automated method of quantifying the bulk geochemistry of artificially vitrified rocks. Measurable elements (cations of atomic No > 10) are partitioned into three categories (major, minor, trace) of decreasing abundance and increasing potential error. Even a basic analysis of the ten major elements plus loss-on-ignition is sufficient to finger-print a sample, yielding a data-set that can be fed directly into a multivariate analysis to compare and classify rocks. Thus, ex situ plant-bearing blocks can be correlated with their source horizons. ICP data also aid indirect correlation of plant-bearing horizons per se. Extensive ICP sampling reveals spatial trends that can be interpreted palaeoenvironmentally (e.g. indicating the direction of a nearby volcano, or distinguishing between biogenic and non-biogenic limestones enclosing permineralized plants). In contrast variables recorded during fabric analysis are physical rather than chemical, particulate rather than bulk, and few rather than many. Two orientations, relative to magnetic north and to the bedding plane, are taken from clast populations; these are summarized as three values (mean dip, resultant vector, vector magnitude) that can be tested against randomness. Although data are traditionally obtained from large (> 2 cm) abiotic clasts, transported fossil plant fragments are equally suitable. Adpressions are oriented by exposing bedding planes, permineralizations by reconstructing beds in the laboratory and then repeatedly transversely cutting blocks to trace the fossils. Singly, fabrics reflect the hydraulic conditions prevailing in the depositional environment immediately prior to burial; in aggregate, they indicate the direction of the source community relative to the depositional sink.},

  doi          = {},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5733504},
  journal      = {American Journal of Botany; (USA)},

  issn         = {0002-9122},

  number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1991},

  month        = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1991}

}

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