Modulating factors in the expression of radiation-induced oncogenic transformation

Journal Article · Wed Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 1990 · Environmental Health Perspectives; (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9088149· OSTI ID:5721888

Hall, E J; Hei, T K ^[1]

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1. Columbia Univ. College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (USA)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitaive are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, selenium, vitamin E, and 5-aminobenzamide that inhibit the expression of transformation. Densely ionizing {alpha}-particles, similar to those emitted by radon daughters, are highly effective in inducing transformations and appear to interact in a supra-additive fashion with asbestos fibers. The activation of a known dominant oncogene has not yet been demonstrated in radiation-induced oncogenic transformation. The most likely mechanism for radiation activation of an oncogene would be via the production of a chromosomal translocation. Radiation also efficiently induces deletions and may thus lead to the loss of a suppressor gene.

• OSTI ID: 5721888
• Journal Information: Environmental Health Perspectives; (USA), Vol. 88; ISSN 0091-6765
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
FIBROBLASTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
ONCOGENES
RADIOINDUCTION
ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATIONS
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
ASBESTOS
CARCINOGENESIS
DAUGHTER PRODUCTS
MAN
MODULATION
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PHORBOL ESTERS
RADON 222
RISK ASSESSMENT
SURVIVAL CURVES
THYROID HORMONES
TUMOR PROMOTERS
ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CARCINOGENS
CELL TRANSFORMATIONS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
ESTERS
EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI
GENES
HEAVY NUCLEI
HORMONES
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PATHOGENESIS
PEPTIDE HORMONES
PRIMATES
PROMOTERS
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIOISOTOPES
RADON ISOTOPES
SOMATIC CELLS
VERTEBRATES
560120* - Radiation Effects on Biochemicals
Cells
& Tissue Culture