Degassing history of water, sulfur, and carbon in submarine lavas from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Journal Article · Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1991 · Journal of Geology; (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1086/629501· OSTI ID:5598678

Dixon, J E; Stolper, E M ^[1]; Clague, D A ^[2]

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1. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (USA)
2. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (USA)

Major, minor, and dissolved volatile element concentrations were measured in tholeiitic glasses from the submarine portion (Puna Ridge) of the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Dissolved H{sub 2}O and S concentrations display a wide range relative to nonvolatile incompatible elements at all depths. This range cannot be readily explained by fractional crystallization, degassing of H{sub 2}O and S during eruption on the seafloor, or source region heterogeneities. Dissolved CO{sub 2} concentrations, in contrast, show a positive correlation with eruption depth and typically agree within error with the solubility at that depth. The authors propose that most magmas along the Puna Ridge result from (1) mixing of a relatively volatile-rich, undegassed component with magmas that experienced low pressure (perhaps subaerial) degassing during which substantial H{sub 2}O, S, and CO{sub 2} were lost, followed by (2) fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase from this mixture to generate a residual liquid; and (3) further degassing, principally of CO{sub 2} for samples erupted deeper than 1,000 m, during eruption on the seafloor. They predict that average Kilauean primary magmas with 16% MgO contain {approximately}0.47 wt % H{sub 2}0, {approximately}900 ppm S, and have {delta}D values of {approximately}{minus}30 to {minus}40%. The model predicts that submarine lavas from wholly submarine volcanoes (i.e., Loihi), for which there is no opportunity to generate the degassed end member by low pressure degassing, will be enriched in volatiles relative to those from volcanoes whose summits have breached the sea surface (i.e., Kilauea and Mauna Loa).

• OSTI ID: 5598678
• Journal Information: Journal of Geology; (USA), Vol. 99:3; ISSN 0022-1376
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
HAWAII
VOLCANOES
LAVA
DEGASSING
GEOCHEMISTRY
ANORTHOSITES
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CRYSTALLIZATION
DEPTH
DISSOLUTION
GEOLOGIC MODELS
LOSSES
MAGMA
MIXING
OLIVINE
PYROXENES
RIFT ZONES
SOLUBILITY
SULFUR
UNDERWATER
WATER
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMISTRY
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DIMENSIONS
ELEMENTS
FEDERAL REGION IX
GABBROS
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
IRON COMPOUNDS
IRON SILICATES
LEVELS
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS
MAGNESIUM SILICATES
MINERALS
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PLUTONIC ROCKS
ROCKS
SILICATE MINERALS
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
USA
580000* - Geosciences