Automotive fuels at low temperatures. Technical digest
Problems with fuels at extremely low temperatures are largely due to wax formation, increased viscosity, decreased volatility and contamination by water. This is especially true of diesel fuels, but even gasoline suffers from these problems to some extent. Some difficulties may begin to appear at temperatures above 0 deg. C. The majority of fuels are derived from petroleum crude oil. In addition, secondary processing of the crude procedures further fuel stocks from other fractions that could not otherwise be used as fuel. Cracking reduces large molecules from light gases or from the lighter products of the cracking process; polymerization is similar to alkylation but results in products with a lower octane rating; reforming catalytically alters certain low-octane substances, resulting in a high-octane product. The four basic molecular structures in petroleum oil products are aromatics, naphthenes, olefins and paraffins.
- Research Organization:
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hanover, NH (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 5506088
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-236040/2/XAB
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
AUTOMOTIVE FUELS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
ALKANES
ALKENES
ALKYLATION
ANTIKNOCK RATINGS
AROMATICS
CONTAMINATION
CRACKING
CYCLOALKANES
DIESEL FUELS
GASOLINE
LOW TEMPERATURE
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE
MOLECULES
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
POLYMERIZATION
PROCESSING
VISCOSITY
VOLATILITY
WATER
WAXES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DECOMPOSITION
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
LIQUID FUELS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PYROLYSIS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
022000* - Petroleum- Transport
Handling
& Storage
023000 - Petroleum- Properties & Composition