Importance of solid fuel properties to nitrogen oxide formation through HCN and NH[sub 3] in small particle combustion
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, Jyvaeskylae (Finland) Univ. of Jyvaeskylae (Finland). Dept. of Chemistry
The formation of nitrogen oxides from fuel-nitrogen through intermediates was studied by measuring first fuel-O/fuel-N ratios and nitrogen functionality in selected solid fuels. Then the ratios of the yields (fuel-N [r arrow] HCN)/(fuel-N [r arrow] NH[sub 3]) in a nearly inert atmosphere at 800 C in an entrained flow reactor was measured and finally the ratio (fuel-N [r arrow] N[sub 2]O)/(fuel-N [r arrow] NO) in an oxidizing atmosphere at 800 C The fuels studied were coal, brown coal, S- and C-type peat, fir bark, birch bark and pine bark, all milled to a particle size < 63[mu]m. The ratios of O/N in the fuel, measured by elemental analysis, ranged from 7 to 150. Nitrogen functionality (mass percent of the total nitrogen content) was determined by XPS. the (fuel-N [r arrow] HCN)/(fuel-N [r arrow] NH[sub 3]) conversion ratio in the absence of O[sub 2], and also the (fuel-N [r arrow] N[sub 2]O)/(fuel-N [r arrow] NO) conversion ratio with O[sub 2] present, decreased with increasing ratio of fuel-O/fuel-N, but neither ratio decreased regularly with the increasing ratio of pyrrolic to pyridinic nitrogen in the fuel. Thus, fuel-oxygen plays a more important role than nitrogen functionality in the chemistry of nitrogen oxide formation. The strong effect of (fuel-O/fuel-N) ratio on the (fuel-N [r arrow] HCN)/(fuel-N [r arrow] NH[sub 3]) ratio may be due to the reaction between OH radicals and HCN to form NH[sub 3] near the fuel particle. The importance of this reaction is considered. Charring the fuel sample before combustion led to a sharp drop in the conversion of fuel-N to N[sub 2]O compared with the virgin fuels. Thus, heterogeneous combustion reactions produced much less N[sub 2]O than homogeneous combustion reactions.
- OSTI ID:
- 5467581
- Journal Information:
- Combustion and Flame; (United States), Vol. 95:1-2; ISSN 0010-2180
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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