Chemical contaminants in nonoccupationally exposed US residents
The manner in which chemical contaminants found in nonoccupationally exposed US residents enter the environment and subsequently human tissues is reviewed. Approximately 100 contaminants are treated. References used in the survey cover a 30-year period, with the bulk of the studies coming from the past 10 or 15 years. Contaminants discussed include organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, and miscellaneous pesticides; polychlorinated and polybrominated bi- and terphenyls; halogen compounds; asbestos; mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, arsenic, antimony, thallium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, beryllium; and others. Production; use; entry into the environment; entry, metabolism, and effects in man; and description and evaluation of methods of analysis and of the validity of the data are the chief aspects treated. For the pesticides indiscriminate use is the chief means of environmental entry. Entry into man is by ingestion of particulate residues and through foods, particularly fat-containing animal products. Sources of environmental entry for the metals and other elements are burning of fossil fuels, industrial operations, dissipative uses, and natural inputs; and from these sources into man by ingestion and inhalation. Some elements are essential or beneficial at one level of concentration and toxic at another. Discussions of the status of elements from this standpoint are included where appropriate.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA); Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-26
- OSTI ID:
- 5365593
- Report Number(s):
- ORNL/EIS-153; EPA-600/1-80-001
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
TOXIC MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
ASBESTOS
BERYLLIUM
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BROMINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CADMIUM
CARBAMATES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FOOD CHAINS
HALOGENS
LEAD
MAN
MANGANESE
MERCURY
METABOLISM
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
PESTICIDES
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
SELENIUM
THALLIUM
TOXICITY
USA
VANADIUM
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
CARBONIC ACID DERIVATIVES
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
ELEMENTS
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
MAMMALS
MASS TRANSFER
METALS
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PRIMATES
REFRACTORY METALS
SEMIMETALS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VERTEBRATES
560306* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Man- (-1987)
520200 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
510200 - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)