Optimized batch fermentation of cheese whey. Supplemented feedlot waste filtrate to produce a nitrogen-rich feed supplement for ruminants
An optimized batch fermentation process for the conversion of cattle feedlot waste filtrate, supplemented with cheese whey, into a nitrogenous feed supplement for ruminants is described. Feedlot waste filtrate supplemented with cheese whey (5 g of whey per 100 ml) was fermented by the indigenous microbial flora in the feedlot waste filtrate. Ammonium hydroxide was added to the fermentation not only to maintain a constant pH but also to produce ammonium salts of organic acids, which have been shown to be valuable as nitrogenous feed supplements for ruminants. The utilization of substrate carbohydrate at pH 7.0 and 43 degrees C was greater than 94% within 8 h, and the crude protein (total N X 6.25) content of the product was 70 to 78% (dry weight basis). About 66 to 69% of the crude protein was in the form of ammonia nitrogen. Lactate and acetate were the predominant acids during the first 6 to 8 hours of fermentation, but after 24 hours, appreciable levels of propionate and butyrate were also present. The rate of fermentation and the crude protein content of the product were optimal at pH 7.0 and decreased at a lower pH. For example, fermentation did not go to completion even after 24 hours at pH 4.5. Fermentation proceeded optimally at 43 degrees C, less so at 37 degrees C, and considerably more slowly at 23 and 50 degrees C. Concentrations of up to 15 g of cheese whey per 100 ml of feedlot waste filtrate were fermented efficiently. Fermentation of feedlot waste filtrate obtained from animals fed low silage-high grain, high silage-low grain, or dairy rations resulted in similar products in terms of total nitrogen and organic acid composition.
- Research Organization:
- Michigan State Univ., East Lansing
- OSTI ID:
- 5294159
- Journal Information:
- Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States), Vol. 51:3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
ANIMAL FEEDS
PRODUCTION
MANURES
FERMENTATION
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
WHEY
ANIMALS
BATCH CULTURE
CATTLE
OPTIMIZATION
ORGANIC ACIDS
PH VALUE
PROTEINS
RUMINANTS
SUBSTRATES
WASTES
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
BIOCONVERSION
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
FOOD
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
MAMMALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC WASTES
VERTEBRATES
140504* - Solar Energy Conversion- Biomass Production & Conversion- (-1989)
320305 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Industrial Waste Management