Physical properties of Michigan Antrim Shale
The physical properties of approximately 225 core samples and 700 samples of well cuttings from the Antrim Shale formation in the Michigan Basin were measured. The properties included density, porosity, permeability, pore size distribution, specific surface, and thermal expansion. Measurements were made before and after roasting in air and in nitrogen. In general the properties showed little variation with depth or location within the sampling area. The average porosity was about 8 percent of which approximately one-half consisted of closed pores. The porosity increased by about a factor of two after roasting at 500/sup 0/C. The permeability was found to be very low, averaging about 0.008 millidarcies. Permeability was higher in the direction parallel to the bedding planes than in the direction perpendicular to the planes. After roasting at 500/sup 0/C the permeability increased by about a factor of ten. Measurements while heating from 20 to 225/sup 0/C showed only minor variations in permeability with temperature. The specific surface area of the shale is low, averaging about 0.5 square meters per gram. The pore size distribution is bimodal with most of the pore volume in the size ranges of 0.01 to 0.1 and 10 to 100 micrometers. The shale expands about one percent perpendicular to bedding and 0.2 percent parallel to bedding when heated to 500/sup 0/C. The average expansion coefficient is 0.0025 percent per /sup 0/C on heating and 0.0010 on cooling. Peaks in the heating curve occur at about 25/sup 0/C and 450/sup 0/C.
- Research Organization:
- Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton (USA). Inst. of Mineral Research
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC01-76ET12153
- OSTI ID:
- 5154139
- Report Number(s):
- FE-2346-85
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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040500* - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Properties & Composition