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Title: Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of cotton: Root morphological characteristics

Abstract

The response of plants to rising global CO{sub 2} concentration is of critical research interest but one neglected aspect is its effect on roots. Root morphological changes in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)`Delta Pine 77`] were examined in a 2-yr field study. The test crop was grown under two water regimes (wet, 100% of evapotranspiration [ET] replaced and dry, 75% [1990] and 67% [1991] of ET replaced) and two atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations (ambient = 370 {mu}mol mol{sup -1} and free-air CO{sub 2} enrichment [FACE] = 550 {mu}mol mol{sup -1}). A FACE technique that allows for CO{sub 2} exposure under field conditions with minimal alteration of plant microclimate was used. Excavated root systems were partitioned into taproot and lateral roots at two growth phases (vegetative and reproductive) Vertical root-pulling resistance was determined at the second sampling; this measure was higher because of CO{sub 2} enrichment but was unaffected by water stress. Water stress affected root variables only at the second sampling; water stress reduced taproot variables more than lateral variables. The larger diameter taproots seen at all sample dates under FACE exhibited large increases in dry weight and volume. FACE often increased lateral root number and lateral dry weights were highermore » at all sample dates. The development of more robust taproot systems in CO{sub 2}-enriched environments may allow for greater carbohydrate storage for utilization during periods such as boll filling and to ensure root growth for continued exploration of the soil profile to meet nutrient and water demands during peak demand periods. 32 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.« less

Authors:
;  [1];  [2]
  1. National Soil Dynamics Lab., Auburn, AL (United States)
  2. Auburn Univ., AL (United States); and others
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
369898
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Environmental Quality
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 24; Journal Issue: 4; Other Information: PBD: Jul-Aug 1995
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, APPLIED STUDIES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; CARBON DIOXIDE; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; ROOTS; MORPHOLOGY; GREENHOUSE GASES; CROPS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AIR POLLUTION; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

Citation Formats

Prior, S A, Royers, H H, and Runion, G B. Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of cotton: Root morphological characteristics. United States: N. p., 1995. Web. doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040019x.
Prior, S A, Royers, H H, & Runion, G B. Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of cotton: Root morphological characteristics. United States. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040019x
Prior, S A, Royers, H H, and Runion, G B. 1995. "Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of cotton: Root morphological characteristics". United States. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040019x.
@article{osti_369898,
title = {Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of cotton: Root morphological characteristics},
author = {Prior, S A and Royers, H H and Runion, G B},
abstractNote = {The response of plants to rising global CO{sub 2} concentration is of critical research interest but one neglected aspect is its effect on roots. Root morphological changes in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)`Delta Pine 77`] were examined in a 2-yr field study. The test crop was grown under two water regimes (wet, 100% of evapotranspiration [ET] replaced and dry, 75% [1990] and 67% [1991] of ET replaced) and two atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations (ambient = 370 {mu}mol mol{sup -1} and free-air CO{sub 2} enrichment [FACE] = 550 {mu}mol mol{sup -1}). A FACE technique that allows for CO{sub 2} exposure under field conditions with minimal alteration of plant microclimate was used. Excavated root systems were partitioned into taproot and lateral roots at two growth phases (vegetative and reproductive) Vertical root-pulling resistance was determined at the second sampling; this measure was higher because of CO{sub 2} enrichment but was unaffected by water stress. Water stress affected root variables only at the second sampling; water stress reduced taproot variables more than lateral variables. The larger diameter taproots seen at all sample dates under FACE exhibited large increases in dry weight and volume. FACE often increased lateral root number and lateral dry weights were higher at all sample dates. The development of more robust taproot systems in CO{sub 2}-enriched environments may allow for greater carbohydrate storage for utilization during periods such as boll filling and to ensure root growth for continued exploration of the soil profile to meet nutrient and water demands during peak demand periods. 32 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.},
doi = {10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040019x},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/369898}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality},
number = 4,
volume = 24,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1995},
month = {Sat Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1995}
}