Chlorine vs. dioxins -- Control methods to minimize emissions
- RMT/Four Nines, Plymouth Meeting, PA (United States)
With the enactment of the Boiler and Industrial Furnace (BIF) regulations in August, 1991, hazardous waste combustors were required to sample and demonstrate compliance with chlorine (Cl{sub 2}) emissions. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 required analysis and control of hydrogen chloride (HCl) emissions with no requirements for chlorine emissions from combustion systems burning chlorinated organic and organic waste streams. Prior to the BIF regulations, the levels of chlorine emissions from waste combustion systems had not been measured or their impacts on emissions known. Recent studies have demonstrated that the formation of precursors that create the Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) such as PCDD/PCDFs is caused by the free Cl{sub 2}, more so than the HCl. The effect of ash deposition on metallic surfaces such as boiler tubes, heat exchange surfaces, pollution control devices, ductwork and bag filter supports cause cells of activity between the HCl, Cl{sub 2}, iron, and copper which again serve as catalysts for the formation of PCDD/PCDFs. The effect of chlorine concentration in the flue gases, the temperatures of the surfaces allowing the reactions to take place, and the time available for the reaction will be discussed in relationship to the PIC emission. HCl is easily absorbed in water, whether in a quench tower or spray dryer. Chlorine is much more difficult to neutralize than HCl and requires a basic solution of caustic or lime. Therefore, Cl{sub 2} often persists in those APC systems that are designed for the 99% removal of HCl only.
- OSTI ID:
- 287484
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-960345-; ISBN 0-7918-1227-8; TRN: IM9639%%72
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 17. biennial conference of the Solid Waste Processing Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and 4th North American waste-to-energy conference, Atlantic City, NJ (United States), 31 Mar - 3 Apr 1996; Other Information: PBD: 1996; Related Information: Is Part Of 17. biennial waste processing conference: Proceedings; PB: 496 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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