Incorporating mass balance concepts in total exposure studies
Total exposure studies require the monitoring of personal exposures to pollutants over all five routes of exposure: (1) Inhaling air; (2) Drinking water; (3) Eating food; (4) Uptake through the skin; (5) Other unique incidents, such as thumb sucking, and chewing or smoking tobacco. To evaluate their potential effect on human health, the exposures via these five routes can be added together as a total applied dose or a total absorbed dose over the period of the study (e.g., mg/kg/day). The authors present three exposure survey designs from the WHO/UNEP Human Exposure Assessment Locations (HEAL) Programme, the NCI/NIEHS/EPA Agricultural Health Study (AHS), and the EPA National Human Exposure Assessment Study (NHEXAS) and discuss their abilities to estimate an applied dose or an absorbed dose of target subjects using a mass balance approach.
- Research Organization:
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States). National Exposure Research Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 270201
- Report Number(s):
- PB-96-184460/XAB; EPA-600/A-96/060; TRN: 61982278
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: PBD: 1996
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Assessment of the human health risks posed by exposure to chromium-contaminated soils
Health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium: Objectives, design and organization of the Cadmibel Study: A cross-sectional morbidity study carried out in Belgium from 1985 to 1989