Problems encountered during the use of ammonium-contaminated fly ash
- KEMA, Arnhem (Netherlands)
- Dutch Fly Ash Corporation, De Bilt (Netherlands); and others
The most extensively used technology for flue gas treatment to reduce NO{sub x}-emission is selective reduction with ammonia, either at 1000{degrees}C in the gas phase (SNCR) or at 350{degrees}C in the presence of a catalyst (SCR). Operational problems that are encountered during application of these processes are mainly caused by the slip of unreacted ammonia through the reaction zone or the catalyst. This ammonia slip can lead to the formation and deposition of ammonium salts in colder parts of the installation. In coal fired boilers contamination of the fly ash with ammonium salts is possible, which can restrict re-use, especially because of the ammonia smell during application. Results will be described of laboratory tests with the preparation of mortars containing fly ash with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg ammonium. Ammonia concentrations were continuously measured in ambient air during concrete mortar preparation and the pouring of concrete floors. Furthermore, the compressive strength and the ammonium content of the hardened concrete were followed. Other tests were carried out at a production facility for sintered artificial gravel. Fly ash with 300 mg/kg ammonium was used during these tests. Effects on working conditions, product quality, ammonia emission and operational problems of the installation were established and will be described.
- Research Organization:
- Electric Power Research Inst. (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 269417
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-TR-105978-V4; CONF-9505150-Vol.4; TRN: 96:002976-0006
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: EPRI/EPA joint symposium on stationary combustion NO/sub x/ control, Kansas City, MO (United States), 16-19 May 1995; Other Information: PBD: Jan 1996; Related Information: Is Part Of Proceedings: EPRI/EPA 1995 joint symposium on stationary combustion NO{sub x} control: Volume 4, Friday, May 19, 1995, Sessions 8A and 8B; PB: 193 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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