A method for detecting MFO induction by Japanese pulp mill effluents with chick embryo
- Japan Pulp and Paper Research Inst. Inc., Tokodai, Tsukuba (Japan)
As a biomarker of physiological responses in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents, mixed function oxygenase (MFO) induction has been investigated by many researchers. The induction and/or inhibition of MFOs is generally affected by various factors of fish such as species, maturity, sex, size and spawning status, and by other environmental variables. Therefore, the method demands technical skills to get a constant result. In addition, the test is costly and also time consuming. In this paper, the authors propose a MFOs induction method using chick embryo, instead of fish, for the assessment of pulp mill effluent. The merits of this method are as follows; inexpensive and commercially available test organisms, easy maintenance of the organisms, no feeding, high uniformity of the developing stage, sensitive responses to xenobiotics, low sample volume requirements, easy testing of various samples at one time and minimal training. P450 1A1 has been found in the microsome of chick embryo. Metabolic function of the P450 1A1 can be regarded basically the same as that of fish. Small amount of xenobiotics, about 100 {micro}l, were injected into the air chamber of 16-day-old chick embryos. Liver microsomes were isolated 48 h after administration. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was determined by the direct fluorimetric method. Using the chick embryo method, the authors analyzed various chloro-organics, model bleached kraft pulp mill effluents, model black liquor and several total effluents of Japanese pulp mills. Methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were used as positive controls. In this paper, the authors will report the details of the chick embryo method and also some results of the assessment using the method.
- OSTI ID:
- 230940
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9511137-; ISBN 1-880611-03-1; TRN: IM9623%%250
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 2. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) world conference, Vancouver (Canada), 5-9 Nov 1995; Other Information: PBD: 1995; Related Information: Is Part Of Second SETAC world congress (16. annual meeting): Abstract book. Global environmental protection: Science, politics, and common sense; PB: 378 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
APPLIED STUDIES
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES
ENZYME INDUCTION
3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE
BIOASSAY
DIOXIN
WATER POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
XENOBIOTICS
FISHES
SENSITIVITY
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
JAPAN
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS
CHICKENS
EMBRYOS
METABOLISM
MICROSOMES
ENZYME ACTIVITY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES