20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Greenwald, M.; Baek, S.; Barnard, H.; Beck, W.; Bonoli, P.; Brunner, D.; Burke, W.; Ennever, P.; Ernst, D.; Faust, I.; Fiore, C.; Fredian, T.; Gao, C.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Hartwig, Z.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J.; Hutchinson, I.; Irby, J.; others, and

doi:10.1063/1.4901920

Title: 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Journal Article · Sat Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4901920· OSTI ID:22403240

Greenwald, M.; Baek, S.; Barnard, H.; Beck, W.; Bonoli, P.; Brunner, D.; Burke, W.; Ennever, P.; Ernst, D.; Faust, I.; Fiore, C.; Fredian, T.; Gao, C.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Hartwig, Z.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J.; Hutchinson, I.; Irby, J. ^[1] more »

MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components—approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced Dα H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental observation of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) mode-conversion, ICRF flow drive, demonstration of lower-hybrid current drive at ITER-like densities and fields and, using a set of novel diagnostics, extensive validation of advanced RF codes. Disruption studies on C-Mod provided the first observation of non-axisymmetric halo currents and non-axisymmetric radiation in mitigated disruptions. A summary of important achievements and discoveries are included.

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OSTI ID:: 22403240

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 11; Other Information: (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1070-664X

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Experimental and Theoretical Study of Quasicoherent Fluctuations in Enhanced $D_{α}$ Plasmas in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak Mazurenko, A.; Porkolab, M.; Mossessian, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.89.225004	journal	November 2002
Divertor Physics Research on Alcator C-Mod Lipschultz, B.; LaBombard, B.; Terry, J. L. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/fst07-a1428	journal	April 2007
Validation in Fusion Research: Towards Guidelines and Best Practices Terry, P. W.; Greenwald, M.; Leboeuf, J. -N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0801.2787	text	January 2008
Stability and toroidal rotation properties of highly shaped plasmas in the TCV tokamak Andrea, Scarabosio, Lausanne, EPFL https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-3609	text	January 2006

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Universality of Poisson-driven plasma fluctuations in the Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer Theodorsen, A.; Garcia, O. E.; Kube, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064744	journal	December 2018
VITALS: A Surrogate-Based Optimization Framework for the Accelerated Validation of Plasma Transport Codes Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; White, A. E.; Creely, A. J. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1396166	journal	February 2018
Investigation of the critical edge ion heat flux for L-H transitions in Alcator C-Mod and its dependence on B _T Schmidtmayr, M.; Hughes, J. W.; Ryter, F. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaaed0	journal	March 2018
Edge transport and mode structure of a QCM-like fluctuation driven by the Shoelace antenna Golfinopoulos, T.; LaBombard, B.; Brunner, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aab2c8	journal	March 2018
Validation study of GENE on ASDEX Upgrade using perturbative thermal diffusivity measured with partial sawtooth heat pulses Creely, A. J.; Görler, T.; Conway, G. D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aadca1	journal	September 2018
Progress towards modeling tokamak boundary plasma turbulence and understanding its role in setting divertor heat flux widths Chen, B.; Xu, X. Q.; Xia, T. Y. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5016582	journal	May 2018
Intermittent fluctuations in the Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer for ohmic and high confinement mode plasmas Garcia, O. E.; Kube, R.; Theodorsen, A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018709	journal	May 2018
Outlier classification using autoencoders: Application for fluctuation driven flows in fusion plasmas Kube, R.; Bianchi, F. M.; Brunner, D. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5049519	journal	January 2019
Access to pedestal pressure relevant to burning plasmas on the high magnetic field tokamak Alcator C-Mod Hughes, J. W.; Snyder, P. B.; Reinke, M. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aabc8a	journal	September 2018
Summary of the 8th Asia-Pacific Transport Working Group (APTWG) Meeting Shi, Z. B.; Cheng, J.; Xu, Y. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaf74c	journal	January 2019
Hysteresis as a probe of turbulent bifurcation in intrinsic rotation reversals on Alcator C-Mod Cao, N. M.; Rice, J. E.; Diamond, P. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab3b38	journal	August 2019
Verification of GENE and GYRO with L-mode and I-mode plasmas in Alcator C-Mod Mikkelsen, D. R.; Howard, N. T.; White, A. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018741	journal	April 2018
Radiative heat exhaust in Alcator C-Mod I-mode plasmas Reinke, M. L.; Brunner, D.; Golfinopoulos, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab04cf	journal	March 2019
The dependence of divertor power sharing on magnetic flux balance in near double-null configurations on Alcator C-Mod Brunner, D.; Kuang, A. Q.; LaBombard, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac006	journal	May 2018
Particle balance in a steady state plasma in a dipole magnetic field Baitha, Anuj Ram; Nanda, Ayesha; Hunjan, Sargam Plasma Research Express, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab55c7	journal	November 2019
Observation of Efficient Lower Hybrid Current Drive at High Density in Diverted Plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak Baek, S. G.; Wallace, G. M.; Bonoli, P. T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.055001	journal	August 2018
Universality of Poisson-driven plasma fluctuations in the Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer Theodorsen, A.; Garcia, O. E.; Kube, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.05052	preprint	January 2018

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Title: 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

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