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Title: Towards automated crystallographic structure refinement with phenix.refine

Journal Article · · Acta Crystallographica. Section D: Biological Crystallography
; ; ;  [1]; ;  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1]
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)
  3. CNRS–INSERM–UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch (France)

phenix.refine is a program within the PHENIX package that supports crystallographic structure refinement against experimental data with a wide range of upper resolution limits using a large repertoire of model parameterizations. This paper presents an overview of the major phenix.refine features, with extensive literature references for readers interested in more detailed discussions of the methods. phenix.refine is a program within the PHENIX package that supports crystallographic structure refinement against experimental data with a wide range of upper resolution limits using a large repertoire of model parameterizations. It has several automation features and is also highly flexible. Several hundred parameters enable extensive customizations for complex use cases. Multiple user-defined refinement strategies can be applied to specific parts of the model in a single refinement run. An intuitive graphical user interface is available to guide novice users and to assist advanced users in managing refinement projects. X-ray or neutron diffraction data can be used separately or jointly in refinement. phenix.refine is tightly integrated into the PHENIX suite, where it serves as a critical component in automated model building, final structure refinement, structure validation and deposition to the wwPDB. This paper presents an overview of the major phenix.refine features, with extensive literature references for readers interested in more detailed discussions of the methods.

OSTI ID:
22347876
Journal Information:
Acta Crystallographica. Section D: Biological Crystallography, Vol. 68, Issue Pt 4; Other Information: PMCID: PMC3322595; PMID: 22505256; PUBLISHER-ID: ba5180; OAI: oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3322595; Copyright (c) Afonine et al. 2012; This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0907-4449
Country of Publication:
Denmark
Language:
English

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The structure of hookworm platelet inhibitor (HPI), a CAP superfamily member from Ancylostoma caninum journal May 2015
Microcrystal delivery by pulsed liquid droplet for serial femtosecond crystallography journal March 2016
MR-REX : molecular replacement by cooperative conformational search and occupancy optimization on low-accuracy protein models journal June 2018
Structure of the N-terminal domain of Euprosthenops australis dragline silk suggests that conversion of spidroin dope to spider silk involves a conserved asymmetric dimer intermediate text January 2019
Crystal structures of rhamnosyltransferase UGT 89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the molecular basis of sugar donor specificity for UDP ‐β‐ l ‐rhamnose and rhamnosylation mechanism journal April 2019
MMOD-induced structural changes of hydroxylase in soluble methane monooxygenase journal October 2019
Crystal structure of the CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex from Escherichia coli journal August 2014
Atomic structures of low-complexity protein segments reveal kinked β sheets that assemble networks journal February 2018
Structures of the CRISPR genome integration complex journal July 2017
Crystal structure of the human lysosomal mTORC1 scaffold complex and its impact on signaling journal September 2017
Mechanism of β 2 AR regulation by an intracellular positive allosteric modulator journal June 2019
Structure and dynamics of a human myelin protein P2 portal region mutant indicate opening of the β barrel in fatty acid binding proteins journal June 2018
Molecular basis for CesT recognition of type III secretion effectors in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli journal August 2018
Serial femtosecond crystallography of soluble proteins in lipidic cubic phase text January 2015
Architecture and mechanism of the late endosomal Rab7-like Ypt7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex Mon1–Ccz1 text January 2017
Molecular mechanisms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy linked to mutations in human myelin protein P2 text January 2017
Convergent evolution in the mechanisms of ACBD3 recruitment to picornavirus replication sites text January 2019
Molecular basis of synaptic specificity by immunoglobulin superfamily receptors in Drosophila journal January 2019
Crystal structure of a NIR‐Emitting DNA‐Stabilized Ag 16 Nanocluster journal November 2019
Substitution of an Internal Disulfide Bridge with a Diselenide Enhances both Foldability and Stability of Human Insulin journal May 2019
Two new high-resolution crystal structures of carboxysome pentamer proteins reveal high structural conservation of CcmL orthologs among distantly related cyanobacterial species journal August 2013
A metallo-DNA nanowire with uninterrupted one-dimensional silver array journal July 2017
Structural basis of HypK regulating N-terminal acetylation by the NatA complex journal June 2017
Structural and mechanistic insights into an archaeal DNA-guided Argonaute protein journal March 2017
X-ray structures of Drosophila dopamine transporter in complex with nisoxetine and reboxetine journal May 2015
Functional and dynamic polymerization of the ALS-linked protein TDP-43 antagonizes its pathologic aggregation journal June 2017
Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression journal May 2019
Crystal structure of Drosophila Piwi journal February 2020
SETD3 is an actin histidine methyltransferase that prevents primary dystocia journal December 2018
Higher-order epistasis shapes the fitness landscape of a xenobiotic-degrading enzyme journal October 2019
Crystal structure of human PLD1 provides insight into activation by PI(4,5)P2 and RhoA journal March 2020
Architecture of Pol II(G) and molecular mechanism of transcription regulation by Gdown1 journal September 2018
Structural basis for selective stalling of human ribosome nascent chain complexes by a drug-like molecule journal June 2019
Capture and characterization of a reactive haem–carbenoid complex in an artificial metalloenzyme journal July 2018
Unexpected enzyme-catalysed [4+2] cycloaddition and rearrangement in polyether antibiotic biosynthesis journal October 2019
Flagella-mediated secretion of a novel Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin affecting both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts journal June 2018
Mechanistic insights into the recognition of 5-methylcytosine oxidation derivatives by the SUVH5 SRA domain journal February 2016
Routes of iron entry into, and exit from, the catalytic ferroxidase sites of the prokaryotic ferritin Syn Ftn journal January 2020
Specificity and mechanism of carbohydrate demethylation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases journal December 2018
Structure and nucleotide-induced conformational dynamics of the Chlorobium tepidum Roco protein journal January 2019
Structure of eukaryotic CMG helicase at a replication fork and implications to replisome architecture and origin initiation journal January 2017
Accurate model annotation of a near-atomic resolution cryo-EM map journal March 2017
Capturing LTA 4 hydrolase in action: Insights to the chemistry and dynamics of chemotactic LTB 4 synthesis journal August 2017
MicroED structures of HIV-1 Gag CTD-SP1 reveal binding interactions with the maturation inhibitor bevirimat journal December 2018
Solving the structure of Lgl2, a difficult blind test of unsupervised structure determination journal May 2019
Insights into the mechanism and regulation of the CbbQO-type Rubisco activase, a MoxR AAA+ ATPase journal December 2019
Structural analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana legumain γ reveal differential recognition and processing of proteolysis and ligation substrates journal June 2018
Crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 follistatin domain reveals insight into how it inhibits growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) and GDF11 journal April 2019
Structural analysis of a Vibrio phospholipase reveals an unusual Ser–His–chloride catalytic triad journal July 2019
Bisubstrate analogues as structural tools to investigate m 6 A methyltransferase active sites journal March 2019
Dynamics of human protein kinases linked to drug selectivity posted_content March 2018
Structural and functional characterisation of SiiA, an auxiliary protein from the SPI4-encoded type 1 secretion system from Salmonella enterica posted_content January 2019
New model-fitting and model-completion programs for automated iterative nucleic acid refinement journal May 2013
Structure of γ-conglutin: insight into the quaternary structure of 7S basic globulins from legumes journal January 2015
IPCAS : a direct-method-based pipeline from phasing to model building and refinement for macromolecular structure determination journal February 2020
Improved protein-crystal identification by using 2,2,2-trichloroethanol as a fluorescence enhancer journal April 2018
Neutron and X-ray crystal structures of Lactobacillus brevis alcohol dehydrogenase reveal new insights into hydrogen-bonding pathways journal November 2018
The Rel stringent factor from Thermus thermophilus : crystallization and X-ray analysis journal August 2019
Discovery of a novel allosteric inhibitor-binding site in ERK5: comparison with the canonical kinase hinge ATP-binding site journal April 2016
Structure and function of the type III pullulan hydrolase from Thermococcus kodakarensis journal April 2018
Identifying dynamic, partially occupied residues using anomalous scattering journal November 2019
Solving a new R2lox protein structure by microcrystal electron diffraction journal August 2019
Functional Profiling and Crystal Structures of Isothiocyanate Hydrolases Found in Gut-Associated and Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria journal May 2018
The mechanism by which a distinguishing arabinofuranosidase can cope with internal di-substitutions in arabinoxylans journal August 2018
High-Resolution Structure of the N-Terminal Endonuclease Domain of the Lassa Virus L Polymerase in Complex with Magnesium Ions journal February 2014
Architectural principles for Hfq/Crc-mediated regulation of gene expression. text January 2019
Megahertz serial crystallography text January 2018
Ultracompact 3D microfluidics for time-resolved structural biology text January 2020
Structure of mouse protocadherin 15 of the stereocilia tip link in complex with LHFPL5 journal August 2018
Crystal structure of a NIR‐Emitting DNA‐Stabilized Ag 16 Nanocluster journal November 2019
Structure‐guided design combined with evolutionary diversity led to the discovery of the xylose‐releasing exo‐xylanase activity in the glycoside hydrolase family 43 journal February 2019
Structure‐Based Screening of Tetrazolylhydrazide Inhibitors versus KDM4 Histone Demethylases journal October 2019
Core Mediator structure at 3.4 Å extends model of transcription initiation complex journal May 2017
Channel opening and gating mechanism in AMPA-subtype glutamate receptors journal July 2017
Small-molecule WNK inhibition regulates cardiovascular and renal function journal September 2016
Structural basis of AMPK regulation by small molecule activators journal December 2013
Accurate macromolecular structures using minimal measurements from X-ray free-electron lasers journal March 2014
Characterization of a dual function macrocyclase enables design and use of efficient macrocyclization substrates journal October 2017
Structural basis of the molecular ruler mechanism of a bacterial glycosyltransferase journal January 2018
Structure of the thermo-sensitive TRP channel TRP1 from the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii journal September 2019
Structures of the intermediates of Kok’s photosynthetic water oxidation clock journal November 2018
Structure of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors journal April 2020
Structure and functional reselection of the Mango-III fluorogenic RNA aptamer journal April 2019
Biochemical and structural characterization of tomato polyphenol oxidases provide novel insights into their substrate specificity journal March 2019
Characterization of metal binding of bifunctional kinase/phosphatase AceK and implication in activity modulation journal June 2019
Comprehensive understanding of acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibition by different herbicide families journal January 2017
Reaction of O 2 with a diiron protein generates a mixed-valent Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ center and peroxide journal January 2019
Substrate N2 atom recognition mechanism in pierisin family DNA-targeting, guanine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase ScARP journal September 2018
The Structure of the Transcriptional Repressor KstR in Complex with CoA Thioester Cholesterol Metabolites Sheds Light on the Regulation of Cholesterol Catabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis journal April 2016
Structure–function analyses of a stereotypic rheumatoid factor unravel the structural basis for germline-encoded antibody autoreactivity journal March 2018
Crystal structure of the TreS:Pep2 complex, initiating α-glucan synthesis in the GlgE pathway of mycobacteria journal May 2019
Heat shock protein 104 (HSP104) chaperones soluble Tau via a mechanism distinct from its disaggregase activity journal March 2019
A mutually induced conformational fit underlies Ca2+-directed interactions between calmodulin and the proximal C terminus of KCNQ4 K+ channels journal April 2019
Understanding the role of intermolecular interactions between lissoclimides and the eukaryotic ribosome journal February 2019
Structural basis for preferential binding of human TCF4 to DNA containing 5-carboxylcytosine journal May 2019
A novel mutation alters the stability of PapA2 resulting in the complete abrogation of sulfolipids in clinical mycobacterial strains posted_content January 2018
Crystal structures of the outer membrane transporter FoxA provide novel insights into TonB-mediated siderophore uptake and signalling posted_content January 2019
Structural basis of transcription inhibition by the DNA mimic protein Ocr of bacteriophage T7 journal October 2019
BraggNet: integrating Bragg peaks using neural networks text January 2019
Macromolecular refinement by model morphing using non-atomic parameterizations journal February 2018
X-ray structure of the direct electron transfer-type FAD glucose dehydrogenase catalytic subunit complexed with a hitchhiker protein journal August 2019
Mechanism of calmodulin inactivation of the calcium-selective TRP channel TRPV6 journal August 2018
Structural basis for organohalide respiration journal October 2014
Fibril structure of amyloid-β(1–42) by cryo–electron microscopy journal September 2017
Serial protein crystallography in an electron microscope text January 2020
An engineered GH1 β-glucosidase displays enhanced glucose tolerance and increased sugar release from lignocellulosic materials. text January 2019
Crystal structures of disordered Z-type helices text January 2019
Structure of AadA from Salmonella enterica : a monomeric aminoglycoside (3′′)(9) adenyltransferase text January 2015
Identification and Crystallographic Analysis of a New Carbohydrate Acetylesterase (SmAcE1) from Sinorhizobium meliloti journal January 2018
Crystal Structure of Human EOLA1 Implies Its Possibility of RNA Binding journal September 2019
Molecular mechanism of the RNA helicase DHX37 and its activation by UTP14A in ribosome biogenesis text January 2019
Structure of the human lipid-gated cation channel TRPC3 journal May 2018
Binding and transport of D-aspartate by the glutamate transporter homolog GltTk journal April 2019
Bacillus anthracis Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Modifies Collagen-like Substrates in Asymmetric Patterns journal June 2016
Structure and Energetics of Ligand–Fluorine Interactions with Galectin‐3 Backbone and Side‐Chain Amides: Insight into Solvation Effects and Multipolar Interactions journal July 2019
Type I fatty acid synthase trapped in the octanoyl‐bound state journal January 2020
Structural and chemical trapping of flavin‐oxide intermediates reveals substrate‐directed reaction multiplicity journal May 2020
RNA Specificity and Autoregulation of DDX17, a Modulator of MicroRNA Biogenesis journal December 2019
Family-wide Structural and Biophysical Analysis of Binding Interactions among Non-clustered δ-Protocadherins journal February 2020
Identification of a pH-Sensitive Switch in VSV-G and a Crystal Structure of the G Pre-fusion State Highlight the VSV-G Structural Transition Pathway journal August 2020
Structural and biochemical data of Trichoderma harzianum GH1 β-glucosidases journal December 2017
Structure-guided design of potent and permeable inhibitors of MERS coronavirus 3CL protease that utilize a piperidine moiety as a novel design element journal April 2018
Structure of a Cytoplasmic 11-Subunit RNA Exosome Complex journal July 2016
Structure of an Actinobacterial-Type [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Reveals Insight into O 2 -Tolerant H 2 Oxidation journal February 2016
Structural Basis for the Subversion of MAP Kinase Signaling by an Intrinsically Disordered Parasite Secreted Agonist journal January 2017
Synthesis and applications of RNAs with position-selective labelling and mosaic composition journal May 2015
Structure- and function-based design of Plasmodium-selective proteasome inhibitors journal February 2016
Non-classical transpeptidases yield insight into new antibacterials journal November 2016
Crystal structure of the N-myristoylated lipopeptide-bound MHC class I complex journal January 2016
Structural basis for Mep2 ammonium transceptor activation by phosphorylation journal April 2016
Crystal structures of U6 snRNA-specific terminal uridylyltransferase journal June 2017
Myosin 7 and its adaptors link cadherins to actin journal June 2017
Cryo-EM reveals the conformation of a substrate analogue in the human 20S proteasome core journal July 2015
Architecture, substructures, and dynamic assembly of STRIPAK complexes in Hippo signaling journal January 2019
Widespread bacterial lysine degradation proceeding via glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate journal November 2018
Tightly-orchestrated rearrangements govern catalytic center assembly of the ribosome journal February 2019
Crystal structure of a lipin/Pah phosphatidic acid phosphatase journal March 2020
De novo protein design by citizen scientists journal June 2019
Plasticity in binding confers selectivity in ligand-induced protein degradation journal June 2018
Structural studies of the periplasmic portion of the diguanylate cyclase CdgH from Vibrio cholerae journal May 2017
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Apicomplexan Inorganic Pyrophosphatases journal July 2017
Characterization of C-terminal structure of MinC and its implication in evolution of bacterial cell division journal August 2017
First crystal structure of an endo-levanase – the BT1760 from a human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron journal June 2019
Studies of the oligomerisation mechanism of a cystatin-based engineered protein scaffold journal June 2019
Structural and enzymatic characterisation of the Type III effector NopAA (=GunA) from Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 reveals a Xyloglucan hydrolase activity journal June 2020
Structural characterization of HypX responsible for CO biosynthesis in the maturation of NiFe-hydrogenase journal October 2019
Structural basis for virulence regulation in Vibrio cholerae by unsaturated fatty acid components of bile journal November 2019
Structural insights into ATP hydrolysis by the MoxR ATPase RavA and the LdcI-RavA cage-like complex journal January 2020
Structure and mechanism of an antibiotics-synthesizing 3-hydroxykynurenine C-methyltransferase journal May 2015
Comment on “Structural dynamics of cisplatin binding to histidine in a protein” [Struct. Dyn. 1, 034701 (2014)] journal May 2016
Measuring and modeling diffuse scattering in protein X-ray crystallography journal March 2016
Structure of a BAG6 (Bcl-2-associated Athanogene 6)-Ubl4a (Ubiquitin-like Protein 4a) Complex Reveals a Novel Binding Interface That Functions in Tail-anchored Protein Biogenesis journal April 2015
A small protein inhibits proliferating cell nuclear antigen by breaking the DNA clamp journal May 2016
Human MARF1 is an endoribonuclease that interacts with the DCP1:2 decapping complex and degrades target mRNAs journal October 2018
The conserved XPF:ERCC1-like Zip2:Spo16 complex controls meiotic crossover formation through structure-specific DNA binding journal December 2018
Crystal structures of a natural DNA polymerase that functions as an XNA reverse transcriptase journal June 2019
Structural and functional dissection of the interplay between lipid and Notch binding by human Notch ligands journal January 2017
Native phasing of x-ray free-electron laser data for a G protein–coupled receptor journal September 2016
The Molecular Mechanism of Nitrate Chemotaxis via Direct Ligand Binding to the PilJ Domain of McpN journal February 2019
Binding of undamaged double stranded DNA to vaccinia virus uracil-DNA Glycosylase journal June 2015
The lipid transfer protein Saposin B does not directly bind CD1d for lipid antigen loading journal January 2019
An intercalation-locked parallel-stranded DNA tetraplex text January 2015
Structural aspects of nucleotide ligand binding by a bacterial 2H phosphoesterase journal January 2017
Structural models of the different trimers present in the core of phycobilisomes from Gracilaria chilensis based on crystal structures and sequences journal May 2017
Structural analysis of human NHLRC2, mutations of which are associated with FINCA disease journal August 2018
Structural insight into substrate and product binding in an archaeal mevalonate kinase journal December 2018
Crystal Structures of the Carboxyl cGMP Binding Domain of the Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Reveal a Novel Capping Triad Crucial for Merozoite Egress journal February 2015
Inhibition of the master regulator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence enables bacterial clearance from spacious replication vacuoles in infected macrophages journal January 2022
Contribution of a Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bond to Catalysis Is Not Significant in Ketosteroid Isomerase journal May 2015
Structure and activation of pro-activin A. text January 2016
Two distinct DNA sequences recognized by transcription factors represent enthalpy and entropy optima. journalarticle January 2018
The Crystal Structure of a Streptomyces thermoviolaceus Thermophilic Chitinase Known for Its Refolding Efficiency journal April 2020
Structural Basis for the Substrate Inhibition of Proline Utilization A by Proline journal December 2017
Sub-Atomic Resolution Crystal Structures Reveal Conserved Geometric Outliers at Functional Sites journal August 2019
A Second Look at the Crystal Structures of Drosophila melanogaster Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Tacrine Derivatives Provides Insights Concerning Catalytic Intermediates and the Design of Specific Insecticides journal March 2020
Crystal structure of jumping spider rhodopsin-1 as a light sensitive GPCR text January 2019
Acidic pH and divalent cation sensing by PhoQ are dispensable for systemic salmonellae virulence journal May 2015
Crystal structures of DNA polymerase I capture novel intermediates in the DNA synthesis pathway journal October 2018

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