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Title: Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia

Abstract

Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been characterized for its ability to recognize bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Considering that infections or inflammatory processes might contribute to the progression of pituitary tumors, we analyzed the TLR4 functional role by evaluating the LPS effect on lactotroph proliferation in primary cultures from experimental pituitary tumors, and examined the involvement of PI3K-Akt and NF-κB activation in this effect. In addition, the role of 17β-estradiol as a possible modulator of LPS-induced PRL cell proliferation was further investigated. In estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, LPS triggered lactotroph cell proliferation. However, endotoxin failed to increase the number of lactotrophs taking up BrdU in normal pituitaries. Moreover, incubation with anti-TLR4 antibody significantly reduced LPS-induced lactotroph proliferation, suggesting a functional role of this receptor. As a sign of TLR4 activation, an LPS challenge increased IL-6 release in normal and tumoral cells. By flow cytometry, TLR4 baseline expression was revealed at the plasma membrane of tumoral lactotrophs, without changes noted in the percentage of double PRL/TLR4 positive cells after LPS stimulus. Increases in TLR4 intracellular expression were detected as well as rises in CD14, p-Akt and NF-κB after an LPS challenge, as assessed by western blotting. The TLR4/PRL and PRL/NF-κB co-localization wasmore » also corroborated by immunofluorescence and the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling in lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release was revealed through the PI3K inhibitor Ly-294002. In addition, 17β-estradiol attenuated the LPS-evoked increase in tumoral lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release. Collectively these results demonstrate the presence of functional TLR4 in lactotrophs from estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, which responded to the proliferative stimulation and IL-6 release induced by LPS through TLR4/CD14, with a contribution of the PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. - Highlights: • In hyperplastic pituitaries, LPS triggered the lactotroph cell proliferation and IL-6 release. • Functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed at the plasma membrane of tumoral lactotrophs. • Increases in TLR4 and CD14 intracellular expression levels were detected after an LPS challenge. • The proliferative stimulation and IL-6 release involved the PI3K-Akt pathway and NF-κB activation. • 17β-estradiol attenuated the LPS-evoked tumoral lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 secretion.« less

Authors:
; ; ;  [1]; ;  [2]; ;  [1]
  1. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000, Córdoba (Argentina)
  2. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000, Córdoba (Argentina)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22278194
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Experimental Cell Research
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 319; Journal Issue: 19; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0014-4827
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; ANTIBODIES; CELL MEMBRANES; CELL PROLIFERATION; ESTRADIOL; INFLAMMATION; NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS

Citation Formats

Sabatino, María Eugenia, Sosa, Liliana del Valle, Petiti, Juan Pablo, Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto, Mascanfroni, Iván Darío, Pellizas, Claudia Gabriela, Gutiérrez, Silvina, Torres, Alicia Inés, and De Paul, Ana Lucía, E-mail: adepaul@cmefcm.uncor.edu. Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1016/J.YEXCR.2013.08.012.
Sabatino, María Eugenia, Sosa, Liliana del Valle, Petiti, Juan Pablo, Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto, Mascanfroni, Iván Darío, Pellizas, Claudia Gabriela, Gutiérrez, Silvina, Torres, Alicia Inés, & De Paul, Ana Lucía, E-mail: adepaul@cmefcm.uncor.edu. Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YEXCR.2013.08.012
Sabatino, María Eugenia, Sosa, Liliana del Valle, Petiti, Juan Pablo, Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto, Mascanfroni, Iván Darío, Pellizas, Claudia Gabriela, Gutiérrez, Silvina, Torres, Alicia Inés, and De Paul, Ana Lucía, E-mail: adepaul@cmefcm.uncor.edu. 2013. "Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YEXCR.2013.08.012.
@article{osti_22278194,
title = {Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia},
author = {Sabatino, María Eugenia and Sosa, Liliana del Valle and Petiti, Juan Pablo and Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto and Mascanfroni, Iván Darío and Pellizas, Claudia Gabriela and Gutiérrez, Silvina and Torres, Alicia Inés and De Paul, Ana Lucía, E-mail: adepaul@cmefcm.uncor.edu},
abstractNote = {Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been characterized for its ability to recognize bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Considering that infections or inflammatory processes might contribute to the progression of pituitary tumors, we analyzed the TLR4 functional role by evaluating the LPS effect on lactotroph proliferation in primary cultures from experimental pituitary tumors, and examined the involvement of PI3K-Akt and NF-κB activation in this effect. In addition, the role of 17β-estradiol as a possible modulator of LPS-induced PRL cell proliferation was further investigated. In estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, LPS triggered lactotroph cell proliferation. However, endotoxin failed to increase the number of lactotrophs taking up BrdU in normal pituitaries. Moreover, incubation with anti-TLR4 antibody significantly reduced LPS-induced lactotroph proliferation, suggesting a functional role of this receptor. As a sign of TLR4 activation, an LPS challenge increased IL-6 release in normal and tumoral cells. By flow cytometry, TLR4 baseline expression was revealed at the plasma membrane of tumoral lactotrophs, without changes noted in the percentage of double PRL/TLR4 positive cells after LPS stimulus. Increases in TLR4 intracellular expression were detected as well as rises in CD14, p-Akt and NF-κB after an LPS challenge, as assessed by western blotting. The TLR4/PRL and PRL/NF-κB co-localization was also corroborated by immunofluorescence and the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling in lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release was revealed through the PI3K inhibitor Ly-294002. In addition, 17β-estradiol attenuated the LPS-evoked increase in tumoral lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release. Collectively these results demonstrate the presence of functional TLR4 in lactotrophs from estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, which responded to the proliferative stimulation and IL-6 release induced by LPS through TLR4/CD14, with a contribution of the PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. - Highlights: • In hyperplastic pituitaries, LPS triggered the lactotroph cell proliferation and IL-6 release. • Functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed at the plasma membrane of tumoral lactotrophs. • Increases in TLR4 and CD14 intracellular expression levels were detected after an LPS challenge. • The proliferative stimulation and IL-6 release involved the PI3K-Akt pathway and NF-κB activation. • 17β-estradiol attenuated the LPS-evoked tumoral lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 secretion.},
doi = {10.1016/J.YEXCR.2013.08.012},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22278194}, journal = {Experimental Cell Research},
issn = {0014-4827},
number = 19,
volume = 319,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Fri Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}