Novel microwave assisted sol–gel synthesis (MW-SGS) and electrochromic performance of petal like h-WO{sub 3} thin films
- Centre for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, MH (India)
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004 (India)
Graphical abstract: Electrochromic intercalation and deintercalation of Li{sup +} ions and electrons is facilitated by providing hexagonal tunnel, trigonal cavity and square window which allows easy and fast insertion and extraction of ions. Highlights: ► Novel two step MW-SGS is first time employed to prepare WO{sub 3} thin films. ► MW-SGS is simple and cost effective technique for preparation of nanostructures. ► Petal-like hexagonal WO{sub 3} nanodisks were successfully deposited. ► O/W ratio calculated by XPS studies is 2.89. ► Good electrochromic performance suggests practical usability of proposed technique. -- Abstract: Use of domestic microwave oven is first time employed for chemical deposition of nanocrystalline hexagonal WO{sub 3} (h-WO{sub 3}) thin films. Low cost precursors like sodium tungstate, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and potassium sulfate signifies cost effectiveness of this thin film fabrication route. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal formation of petal like nanodisks. A number of analytical techniques were used to characterize the WO{sub 3} petal like nanodisks, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies revealed 2.89 O/W atomic ratio. The electrical transport studies on WO{sub 3} thin films show semiconducting behavior with n-type semiconductivity. The value of determined coloration efficiency is 57.90 cm{sup 2}/C. The mechanism of Li{sup +} intercalation and deinercalation in h-WO{sub 3} matrix is proposed for enhanced electrochromism.
- OSTI ID:
- 22215152
- Journal Information:
- Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 47, Issue 7; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
INFRARED SPECTRA
LITHIUM IONS
MICROWAVE OVENS
NANOSTRUCTURES
OXALIC ACID
POTASSIUM SULFATES
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
THIN FILMS
TUNGSTATES
TUNGSTEN OXIDES
X RADIATION
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY