Novel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn nano-composites as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Journal Article · Fri Apr 15 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Materials Research Bulletin

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2011.01.007· OSTI ID:22210030

Sivashanmugam, Arumugam ^[1]; Gopukumar, Sukumaran; Thirunakaran, Ramasamy; Nithya, Chandrasekaran ^[1]; Prema, Shanmuga ^[2]

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1. Central Electrochemical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Karaikudi 630 006, Tamil Nadu (India)
2. Department of Chemistry, Fatima College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu (India)

Research highlights: {yields} It is a novel attempt on nano composites involving Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and Sn to use as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. {yields} Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} was obtained by a solid state route and nano-Sn particles were derived from a chemical reduction process. {yields} These materials are characterized for their physical and electrochemical characteristics. {yields} Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn composite delivers stable and enhanced discharge capacity of 200mAhg{sup -1} and does not exhibit any irreversible capacity. {yields} The present investigation brings out novel high performing composites for lithium ion battery -- Abstract: Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn nano-composites have been prepared as anode material for lithium ion batteries by high-energy mechanical milling method. Structure of the samples has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which reveals the formation of phase-pure materials. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) suggests that the primary particles are around 100 nm size. The local environment of the metal cations is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms that titanium is present in Ti{sup 4+} state. The electrochemical properties have been evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge studies. Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn-10% composite delivers stable and enhanced discharge capacity of 200 mAh g{sup -1} indicates that the electrochemical performance of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn nano-composites is associated with the size and distribution of the Sn particles in the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} matrix. The smaller the size and more homogeneous dispersion of Sn particles in the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} matrix exhibits better cycling performance of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/Sn composites as compared to bare Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and Sn particles. Further, Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} provides a facile microstructure to fairly accommodate the volume expansion during the alloying and dealloying of Sn with lithium.

• OSTI ID: 22210030
• Journal Information: Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 46, Issue 4; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
DISPERSIONS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
INFRARED SPECTRA
LITHIUM
LITHIUM IONS
LITHIUM TITANATES
MICROSTRUCTURE
NANOSTRUCTURES
PARTICLES
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
TITANIUM
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY